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GOC - Coggle Diagram
GOC
Molecular behavior : Acidity and Basicity
Basicity
Organic compounds as bases
NaHCO3 reactions as base
Acidity
Functional group comparisons
Alcohols
Carboxylic acid
More acidic due to
Resonance
Inductive effect
of other substituent groups
Effects of solvents
on acidity
acids and bases on non aqueous solvents
Fundamental
Theories on acid base
Bronsted lowry
Lewis
Quantitative aspects
Strenght of bronsted AB
Acidity constant
Basicity constant
predicting outcome of AB rxn
AB behaviour in water
Conjugate AB
Applications
Synthesis of deutrium and tritrium labelled compounds
AB determining by
Thermodynamically - Structural and energetic factors
Structural
hybridisation
Organic rxn contents
Reactants
Reagents
Substrates
Intermediates
Types of fission
Homolysis
Heterolysis
Electron displacement effects affecting substrates
The factors which create centres of different electron densities in the substrate
Temporary effect
Inductomeric
moves sigma bond
Electromeric
Moves pi bond
In presence of external
Permanent effect
Resonance/Mesomeric
Stronger resonance structure?
More covalent bons. more stable
Like charges isolated; unlike charges closer
Most EN atom -ve, least EN atom +ve.
e deficient atom -> unstable
Conditions
Conjugated systems; planar strucutres
M effects
+M
e- transfer away from atom/group ; towards conjugated system
-M
e- transfer towards atom/group ; away from conjugated system
Other effects
SIR
Ortho para effects
Hyperconjugation
Involves delocalization of sigma and pi bonds
Baker nathan effect
Hyperconjugation dominated inductive
Affects
Increases dipole moment
Bond lengths
Obsereved in
sigma pi bonds
Carbocation
Free radical
containing halogens
-I effect dominates
Inductive effect
Intro
Inductive effect: polarity from electronegativity differences.
Moves sigma bond
C-X bond sigma electrons shift towards the electronegative atom
Types
-- I effect
Electron-attracting atoms/groups more power than C-H bond.
++ I effect
Electron-attracting atoms/groups less power than C-H bond.
Explains number of effects
Reactivity of alkyl halides
Tertiary > Sec > Primary > Methyl (reactivity)
Dipole moment
proportional to I effect
Strenght of acids
Strenght of bases
Intro
Types of reaction mechanisms