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The origin of the universe - Coggle Diagram
The origin of the universe
Big Bang Theory
How did the universe begin?
The universe began in an extremely small, hot and dense state
exploded and it expanded rapidly, making space and time as we know them
Evidence to support this theory
Hubble's Law says that galaxies are moving away from each other, the farther away they are the faster they are moving away. This means that the universe is still expanding
Cosmic background radiation is a type of ancient light left over from the Big Bang and was discovered in 1960
In the universe there is a lot of hydrogen and helium and almost in the same quantities as predicted by the Big Bang theory, so this supports the idea that the universe began with an explosion
Description of the theory
The universe expanded from a small, hot, dense state.
It has continued to expand, cool and become less dense.
The most widely accepted explanation for the creation of matter, space, and time is approximately 13.7 billion years ago.
Expansion and future of the universe
The universe continues to expand, with galaxies moving away from each other
This expansion suggests that the universe will become cooler and less dense over time
The end of the universe depends on factors such as the density of dark matter and dark energy
Cosmic Creation Theory
Evidence to support this theory
He does not use scientific proofs, but logical and philosophical ideas
It looks for an explanation for the origin of everything
Expansion and future of the universe
This theory does not say much about the future of the universe
It focuses more on the origin
It can be combined with scientific theories to explain how the universe continues
How did the universe begin?
It did not come out of nothing on its own.
Something outside the universe (an eternal cause) caused it to begin.
It was not a physical explosion, but a process of creation that gave origin to time and space.
Description of the theory
It is a philosophical idea rather than a scientific one
It says that the universe was created by something or someone that was not created (a first cause)
That cause has no beginning and no end
Oscillating Universe
Description of the theory
It has not only had a beginning, but has been born and died many times
It's like a life cycle
The universe expands and then contracts many times over
How did the universe begin?
Big Explosion (big bang)
The universe expanded
In time, the expansion stops and everything starts to come together again until it collapses (Big Crunch).
Evidence to support this theory
Proposed initially by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 and 1924
Although there is no direct evidence, but it is related to the laws of physics such as the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Tolman said that with each cycle the universe changes a little bit, because energy is being used up
Expansion and future of the universe
If this theory is true, the universe never ends, it always begins again
It expands, then shrinks, then explodes again
Cosmic Inflation Theory
Description of the theory
It is a theory that says that just after the Big Bang, the universe expanded rapidly in a fraction of a second
It was proposed by a scientist named Alan Guth
This expansion was caused by a hypothetical field called inflaton
How did the universe begin?
The universe began with a rapid expansion triggered by the inflaton field, which brought the universe to a homogeneous, flat state
The energy of the inflaton was converted into particles and radiation, making the universe hot and dense
This process prepared the universe to form structures such as galaxies and stars
Evidence to support this theory
Inflation explains the homogeneity and isotropy observed in the cosmic background radiation
It solves the problem of the horizon and flatness of the universe
Coincides with what telescopes have seen of the early universe
Expansion and future of the universe
The universe continues to expand
It may be part of a multiverse
Its future depends on things like dark energy, which is still being studied.