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language change - Coggle Diagram
language change
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change processes
random fluctuation
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language change happens due to random events or errors for example old phones used to autocorrect cool to book- and so book was used to mean cool for a while
functional
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the idea that language changes according to the needs of its users for example if there were a new invention then a new word would need to be created to label it
lexical gaps
that if theres a space in the language for a new word then most likely it would get filled for example before 2000s pip pop pap and pup were all words but not pep- and in 2000s this word was created
substratum
the idea that language change happens due to contact between language for example in 440AD when britian was invaded by the jutes, saxons and vikings the language had changed as words like skull and slaughter were introduced
models of change
wave model
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this is the idea that the closer you are geographically and socially to the origin of the change the more impacted you would be
s curve
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this is the rate at which language change get picked up for example it starts of slower, then picked up by more and then even more- but it would never be picked up by 100% of people due to resistance for example lol hasnt reached older people
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tidal
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each tide would wash up diffrent items and some stay for longer than others, the tide would hit and impact different shores and finally each tide is different- the tide is refering to change
descriptivists
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james milroy
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"in an age where discriination in terms of race, colour, religion and gender are no longer socially acceptable the last bastion of overt social discrimination will continue to be a persons use of language"
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sematic change
pejorarion
this is when a lexeme develops a negative connotation for example cunning used to mean learn but now means decitful
amelioration
this is when a lexeme develops a more positive meaning for example pretty used to mean sly but now means attractive
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narrowing
this is when a lexeme meaning becomes more specialised for example meat was used to refer to all food but now only animal meat
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morphological change
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functional convesion
this is when a word changes word class for example google was a noun but its also used as a verb 'to google'
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