Arthropod cuticle: Epicuticle: covered with a layer of wax, waterproof barriers. Endo- and exo-cuticle are the main structural components of the cuticle. Resist material loading. Multilayered chitin protein complex. Exocuticle-->dense, stiffer, chemically inert, and relatively dehydrated. Endocuticle--> sparse, softer, hydrated, and readily soluble. Membrane layer. Pore canals: Transport mineral ions, nutrition during growth. Soft, ductile and can be highly deformed.