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Ecosystems & Physical Environments(Sci chp 6) - Coggle Diagram
Ecosystems & Physical Environments(Sci chp 6)
Earth provides us with limited resources that we make use of in our everyday lives. However
fossil fuels cannot supply our energy needs forever.
oceans and forests will not be able to supply us with food forever.
Human Activities and its impacts.
wasting food
Growing food uses up Earth’s limited resources like water, energy, and soil nutrients, so wasting food means wasting these valuable resources.
Using more electricity
In Singapore, electricity is generated by burning limited natural gas, which releases carbon dioxide and contributes to climate change when more electricity is used.
Using more water
Less than 1% of Earth's water is fresh, making it a limited resource that depletes faster as global water use increases.
Creating excessive waste
Excessive waste leads to pollution of air, water, and land, and can harm marine life if dumped in oceans.
What are some measures we can take to reduce these effects
Reduce the use of fossil fuels
Reduce consumption
Introduce environmentally friendly practices
Reforestation
The environment of an organism can be classified into two groups
Abiotic. Physical (non-living) environment
Biotic. (living) environment
Examples of Ecosystems:
Tundra
Grassland
Desert
Rainforest
Seashore
Coral Reef
Definitions.
Ecology: study of interactions between living organisms and their environment.
Nova5000 Data logger Data loggers can be used to measure the following abiotic factors:
Light intensity
Temperature
pH value
physical factors
light
how it affects the environment
Plants need light for photosynthesis
Animals require sunlight to catch their prey or to detect predators.
Amount of light available determines the kinds of plants, and hence animals, found in a habitat.
environment how some organism adapted
Behavioural: • The King Cobra hunts during dusk or dawn to avoid being detected. • Bats use echolocation to “see” in the dark.
Structural: • The Velvet Tamarind tree grows very tall to allow its leaves to trap more sunlight
temperature
how it affects the environment
Temperatures affect the rate of reaction of enzymes
Low temperatures slows down the rate of photosynthesis and blood circulation in animals
Few organisms are adapted to extreme temperatures
how some organism adapted
Behavioural: • Geese migrate to warmer climates to avoid winter. • Bears hibernate to conserve energy during winter.
Structural: • Antarctic fish contain anti-freeze proteins that circulate in their blood
The living or biotic environment comprises of all the living organisms that an organism interacts with in its habitat.
Organisms rely on each other to maintain balance in a habitat, so environmental changes or loss of any species can lead to endangerment or extinction.
Interrelationships between organisms
Predation – One organism hunts and eats another (e.g., lion and zebra).
Mutualism – Both organisms benefit from the relationship (e.g., bees and flowering plants).
Parasitism – One benefits while the other is harmed (e.g., fleas on dogs).