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Low-Level and High-Level Languages and translation programs, Third…
Low-Level and High-Level Languages and translation programs
Machine code
Sequence of 0s and 1s that computers understand as instructions
Low-Level Languages are
Difficult to learn
Different from human languages
Fast in execution
Difficult to modify
Used to write harware programs
Require deep knowledge of hardware
High-Level Languages are
easy to learn
Close to human languages
Slow in execution
Easy to modify
Used to write application programs
Don't require deep knowledge of hardware
Assembly Languages
are machine dependent, Low-Level Languages
Translation Programs
Compiler
Converts the program into an object file
and the linker converts the file into an executable file
Interpreter
Converts the source code into machine code and executes it
Assembler
Translates Assembly Languages into machine code
Algorithm
a sequence of actions to perform a task
Third Generation Languages
Are easy to use for the programmer
Reduce bugs
Can reuse the code, so they are not machine dependent
Are High-Level Languages
Are Procedural Languages
They can be
business (COBOL)
scientific (FORTRAN)
Multipurpose (Pascal and Basic)
In general
They explain tasks and the instructions to accomplish them
Fourth Generation Languages
Are
non procedural languages
so they explain what to do, but not how to do it
Database Management Languages
Query Languages (SQL)
Are used to create and modify a
database
Report writers
Take information from a database and create an appealing output
they can perform
calculations
Application Generators
The user can describe the desired result and the generator makes an entire program in binary code
Markup Languages
Are declarative languages
Explain how texts must be displayed (HTML)
Use a graphical user interface to move the cursor over an object (drag and drop)
They allow modular and structured programming
Modular Programming
Programs can be written in independent modules
Subroutines
Independent
Nesting
a program is written within anather program
First and
Second
Generation Languages
First Generation
machine lanquages
composed of:
an operation code with the needed action
an operand with the instructions to do it
are machine dependent: they only work on a specific computer
Second Generation
Assembly Languiages
Programming Languages
called