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Structure and function of viruses as they interact with organisims -…
Structure and function of viruses as they interact with organisims
Structural and molecular characteristics
Principal components
Nucleic acid
Present in some viruses
Derived from the host cell membrane
Capsid
Protein coating
Protects the genetic material
Lipid envelope
DNA or RNA
Single-stranded or double-stranded
Infection process
Adhesion
The virus has a specific receptor on the surface of the host cell
Penetration and Uncoating
Its genetic material enters the cell, releasing its contents
Replication and Gene Expression
The viral genetic material
Is transcribed
Is replicated
Assembly
New viral particles assemble inside the cell
Release
Newly formed viruses leave the cell
Often cause damage or death
Importance of vaccines
Disease prevention
Efficacy
Long-term efficacy
Types of preventable diseases
Measles
Rubella
Mumps
Immunization
Individual and community protection
Herd immunity
Transmission reduction
Public health
Public Health Benefits
Saving Lives
Disease Eradication
Improved Quality of Life
Equity
Historical context of it study
Historical Milestones
Discovery of the smallpox vaccine (1796)
Pasteur's vaccines
Rabies
Cholera
Anthrax
First mass vaccination
Eradication of smallpox (1980)
20th-century vaccines
Polio
Measles
Tetanus
Biotechnological revolution (recombinant DNA)
Role in evolutionary history
Biology and Genetics
Mutation
Inheritance
Genome
Phylogenetic Tree
Genetic Changes
Genetic Variation
Species and Lineages
Speciation
Extinction
Fossils
Evolutionary Transitions
Early Humans
Adaptive Functions and Changes
Morphology
Behavior
Development
Phenotypic Plasticity