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Lifespan Development - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Biosocial
        
        Motor Skills: Running, climbing, coordination.
        
        Brain Growth: Myelination increases, attention improves.
        
        Health & Nutrition: Supports physical/cognitive growth.
      - Cognitive
        
        Symbolic Thinking: Pretend play, images/words.
        
        Egocentrism: Difficulty seeing others’ views.
        
        Language Growth: Vocabulary expands rapidly.
        
        Perception Development: Better understanding of shapes, sizes, colors, and spaces.
      - Psychosocial
        
        Self-Confidence: Through play and leadership.
        
        Guilt: From overstepping or being discouraged.
        
        Attachment Influence:
        
        Secure: Builds confidence.
        
        Avoidant: Distant behaviors.
        
        Ambivalent: Clinginess or anxiety.
        
        Disorganized: Confused or unpredictable reactions.
      - Early Childhood Development (Ages 2–6)
        
        Biosocial Development
        
        Growth Patterns (height/weight)
        
        Brain Growth (prefrontal cortex, myelination)
        
        Motor Skills (Gross vs. Fine)
        
        Nutrition and its impact
        
        Cognitive Development
        
        Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
        
        Symbolic Thought
        
        Egocentrism
        
        Animism
        
        Language Development
        
        Learning Abilities
        
        Types of Early Education (Montessori, Reggio Emilia, etc.)
        
        Psychosocial Development
        
        Erikson’s Initiative vs. Guilt
        
        Gender Identity
        
        Types of Play (Solitary, Onlooker, Parallel, Associative, Cooperative)
        
        Parenting Styles
- - - - Obesity risk rises
      - Good nutrition supports learning & focus
      - Quicker reaction times
      - Improved selective attention
      - Better coordination, balance, and strength
      - Able to play team sports
  - - - Logical thinking about concrete things
      - Understanding conservation, reversibility
      - Peer tutoring helps learning
      - Vocabulary expands significantly
      - Better grammar, use of metaphors
      - Children understand fairness and rules
  - - - Children want to be competent and productive
      - Children evaluate themselves socially & academically
      - Friendships deepen, more peer influence
      - Types of children: popular, rejected, neglected, controversial
      - Family structure affects emotional stability and coping
- - - - Puberty onset (ages 8–14)
        
        Hormonal changes (increased estrogen/testosterone)
        
        Growth spurts (height, weight)
        
        Primary sex characteristics (development of reproductive organs)
        
        Secondary sex characteristics (body hair, voice changes, breast development)
        
        Nutrition & Sleep Needs
    - - Abstract thinking
        
        Hypothetical reasoning
        
        Metacognition (thinking about thinking)
        
        Adolescent egocentrism
        
        Imaginary audience
        
        Personal fable
        
        Risk-taking behavior
        
        Improved decision-making over time
    - - Erikson’s stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion
        
        James Marcia’s Identity Statuses:
        
        Identity diffusion
        
        Foreclosure
        
        Moratorium
        
        Identity achievement
        
        Influence of peer relationships
        
        Parent-child dynamics
        
        Romantic/sexual identity exploration
- - - - sexual activity, drug use, anxiety/depression, physical growth, risk-taking.
    - - postformal thought, moral reasoning, higher education, practical thinking.
    - - relationships with parents/friends, intimacy vs. isolation, partner seeking.
- - - - Adulthood
        
        Physical aging (wrinkles, gray hair, slower metabolism)
        
        Health maintenance (exercise, nutrition)
        
        Reproductive changes (menopause, andropause)
      - Late Adulthood
        
        Physical decline and frailty
        
        Life expectancy
        
        Sensory losses (vision, hearing)
        
        Primary vs. secondary aging
    - - Adulthood
        
        Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence
        
        Practical problem-solving
        
        Postformal thought
        
        Longitudinal vs. cross-sectional research findings on intelligence and aging
      - Late Adulthood
        
        Decline in processing speed
        
        Memory changes
        
        Neurocognitive disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s)
        
        Wisdom and life experience
    - - Adulthood
        
        Erikson: Generativity vs. Stagnation
        
        Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN)
        
        Intimacy: Marriage, friendship, parenthood
      - Late Adulthood
        
        Erikson: Integrity vs. Despair
        
        Retirement, grandparenting
        
        Social networks shrink but deepen
        
        Importance of community and purpose