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3.4 Mass transport - Coggle Diagram

- - - - carry high pressure/oxygenated blood away from the heart to respiring cells/organs
    - - control the flow of blood to cells via vasoconstriction/ vasodilation
    - - exchange substances with cells via diffusion
    - - carry low pressure/deoxygenated blood back to the heart from cells/organs
  - - - relative thickness of wall is greater than veins - as blood is being carries at high pressure this prevents the vessel from bursting/aneurysm
      - arteries have more elastic tissue than veins or arterioles - elastic tissue stretches and recoils during pulse to even out the flow of blood
      - arterioles have more muscle tissue than veins or arteries - muscle tissue can contract to constrict arteriole and reduce blood flow to capillaries
    - - only vessel that contains valves - prevents backflow of blood as carrying blood at low pressures
      - vein has thinner walls than artery or arteriole - less risk of aneurysm/ bursting as blood is being carried at low pressure and allows for compression by skeletal muscles
      - vein has a larger lumen than artery or arteriole - low pressure blood, large lumen = less resistance to flow
    - - walls are much thinner than veins and arteries (one cell thick) - shorter diffusion pathway
      - lumen is narrower then veins and arteries ( just wider than a red blood cell) - shorter diffusion pathway
      - capillaries have a greater cross-sectional area than artery/arterioles - reduces pressure and slows blood flow - greater time for diffusion
- - - - between atria and ventricles
      - open when the pressure is higher behind them (in the atria) and then close when pressure is higher in front (in the ventricles)
    - - open when the pressure is higher in the ventricle compared to the arteries (aorta and pulmonary)
      - close when the pressure is higher in the arteries compared to the ventricles