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Charles I, The puritans, Civil war, CHARLES II, Queen Anne’s reign…
Charles I
Direct confrontation with the strongly Protestant Commons;
The Puritans held a considerable
majority in Parliament;
they drew up a Petition of Rights in 1628 that stated:
- no imprisonment without trial;
- no taxation without consent of the Commons.
But it was rejected by the king.
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The puritans
- supported the Parliament;
- were linked to continental Reformed theolog
- believed that personal salvation depended on God;
- regarded the Bible as a guide to life;
- encouraged personal acts of mercy.ioi
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Civil war
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Two parties
Royalist: sided with the king - long hair - included the lords, the gentry and
officials of the Church of England
PARLIAMENTARIANS:also called ‘Roundheads’ (short hair)
- included London, the ports, Eastern England, the Navy, the new gentry and small landowners, artisans and Puritans
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CHARLES II
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His court was devoted to pleasure, theatres, race-courses and taverns reopened
- London bubonic plague in 1665
- the Great Fire destroyed most of the City of London in four days in 1666
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Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell’s death in 1658, his son Richard held office for eight months
weak leader, so Parliament voted the end of the Protectorate;
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- a brilliant leader in raising and training cavalry composed of brave Puritan soldiers;
- Commander-in-chief of the army
in 1649
- appointed Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland
in 1653
- Divided the country into eleven military regions
- Puritan rules were introduced, like execution for adultery, the abolition of popular pastimes, games, dancing and theatre performances;
- inns, pubs and theatres were closed down
- Christmas and Easter were banned and replaced
with days of fasting.
The Royal Society
Founded in 1660, received King Charles II’s patronage in 1662
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The Bill of Rights of 1689 the king could not:
- raise taxes,
- keep an army
- suspend laws without the consent
of Parliament
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