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REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 - Coggle Diagram
REVOLUTIONS OF 1848
THE SPREAD OF IDEOLOGIES
LIBERALISM:
NATIONALISM:
SOCIALISM:
COMMUNISM:
CAUSES OF 1848 REVOLUTIONS
ECONOMIC
INDUSTRIALISATION
Rapid growth of factories and industrial towns in Europe
By 1840, British production had tripled since 1800; Belgium's doubled, and France's increased by 77%
Overcrowded conditions in industrial towns led to a very low life expectancy and poor sanitation (diseases like tuberculosis, typhoid, and cholera)
FOOD CRISIS
Agricultural failures caused significant food shortages, leading to panic buying
The standard of living declined as people spent more of their income on food, which affected industrial production
Financial crisis ensued due to decreased consumer spending on manufactured goods
SOCIAL
OVERPOPULATION
Significant population increase in Europe from 1815 to 1820 due to improved food production and industrialization
Urban migration led to overcrowded towns, with insufficient housing and jobs
URBANISATION
Peasants migrated to towns in search of work due to land shortages the countryside
Insufficient jobs and housing resulted in overcrowding; poor sanitation increased disease prevalence (e.g., cholera)
Many unemployed turned to charity or crime for survival, leading to social unrest and contributing to the urban nature of the 1848 Revolutions
POLITICAL
CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815)
Aimed to restore stability after the Napoleonic Wars with goals like balance of power, conservative regimes, and preventing war
Decisions made primarily by the "Big Five" without public input, leading to discontent
RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
General dissatisfaction with political decisions made by elites spurred a desire for greater political rights, including voting
This desire was particularly significant in the context of the French Revolution of 1848
CAUSES OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
THE MONARCHY
REFORM BANQUETS
MAIN PEOPLE INVOLVED
FRANCE
Louis-Philippe: King of France before the revolution
Francois Guizot: Prime Minister of Louis-Philippe's government
Louis Theirs: Leader of French liberal movement
Louis Blanc: Leader of French socialist movement
Alphonse Lamartine: Leader of provisional government after revolution
Louis Napoleon: Emperor of France after the revolution
ITALY:
Charles Albert: King of Piedmont Sardinia
Victor Emanuelle: King of Piedmont Sardinia after abdication of Charles Albert
Giuseppe Mazzini: Leader of the Rome revolt
Giuseppe Garibaldi: Italian patriot and military leader
Pope Pius IX: Pope at time of 1848 revolutions
Ferdinand II: King of Sicily
CAUSES FOR THE REVOLUTIONS IN ITALY
Italian nationalists dreamed of a united Italy and opposed Austria's presence in Italy.
There was a general demand for more liberal forms of government.
Grave economic difficulties resulted in social conflict in both towns and the countryside.
EVENTS OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
CONSEQUENCES OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
REACTIONS TO THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
EVENTS OF THE JUNE DAYS
CONSEQUENCES OF THE JUNE DAYS
GIUSEPPE MAZZINI
MAIN EVENTS OF THE ITALIAN REVOLUTIONS
EVENTS IN ROME (THE PAPAL STATES)
EVENTS IN SICILY
EVENTS IN NAPLES
EVENTS IN TUSCANY
EVENTS IN PARMA & MODENA
CONCLUSIONS OF THE ITALIAN REVOLUTIONS
REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF THE 1848 REVOLUTIONS