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Unit 14 P2 Describe known causes of long-term physiological conditions -…
Unit 14 P2 Describe known causes of long-term physiological conditions
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease caused by a gene mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
The CFTR gene provides instructions for the CFTR protein, which controls the flow of salt and fluid in and out of our cells. When the gene doesn't work properly, sticky mucus builds up in the body, affecting the lungs, digestive track and organs
In the UK, most cases of cystic fibrosis are picked up at birth using the newborn screening heel prick test
Symptoms usually start in the early stages of childhood and vary from child to child, but the condition gets slowly worse over time, with the lungs and digestive system becoming increasingly damaged
A child can be born with cystic fibrosis if the parents are carriers of the faulty gene, which means that they don't have cystic fibrosis themselves
It is estimated that around 1 in every 25 people are carriers of cystic fibrosis
If both parents are carriers there is a 1 in 4 chance that their child wont inherit a faulty gene, wont have cystic fibrosis and wont be able to pass it on. there is a 1 in 2 chance that their child will inherit the faulty gene from one of the parents and be a carrier. There is a 1 in 4 chance their child will inherit the faulty gene from both parents and have cystic fibrosis
if one parent has cystic fibrosis and the other is a carrier, there is a 1 in 2 chance there child will be a carrier and 1 in 2 chance their child will have cystic fibrosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is partly caused by genes and partly caused by outside factors
Smokers are twice as likely to develop multiple sclerosis
There is a 2-3 % change of developing it if you are related to someone with the condition.
Genes
MS isn't directly inherited but if you are related to someone who have MS you are more likely to develop it. the chances of a sibling or child of someone who has MS is 2-3%
Lack of sunlight and vitamin D
MS is more common in countries far from the equator, which means that a lack of sunlight or vitamin D may play a role in the condition. However, it is not clear if vitamin D supplements can prevent MS
Teenage obesity
people who are obese in their teenage years are more likely to develop MS
viral infections
Its been suggested that infections, particularly those caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (responsible for glandular fever), might trigger the immune system, leading to MS in some people.
Being female
women are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop MS than men; the reason for this is unclear