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The earth - Coggle Diagram
The earth
Natural Science
Changes in state
As the clay dries it hardens.(Rine,2003)
Heating
In order to dry clay,a kiln is used to speed up the process(
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Raw materials
Textures of clay
The texture of the clay is important as it affects the strength and drying behaviour of the brick (Jones,2018).
Reaction to water and air
Clay goes through changes when exposed to water and air,it changes in strength and it shrinks(Smith & Lee.2020)
Learners can touch and describe wet
and dry clay, and write down the differences in texture.
Technology
processes
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Steps from clay to brick. By extracting and preparing clay into molds,drying,firing in a kiln,bricks can be made(Ndlovu,2020)
Machines vs manual methods
The process of making bricks can be done by either using machines or manually(Ndlovu,2020)
Innovation
Reducing waste
By recycling broken bricks and reusing excess clay,waste can be reduced(Ndlovu,2020)
safer machines
Using updated machines with safety features saves time and reduces injuries(Ndlovu,2020)
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tools and equipment
Brick molds
A brick mold is used to shape and size clay before it dries(Mckee,1971)
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Mixing tools
Tools such as mechanical mixers and shovels are important for a consistent mixture of clay(Goodhew and Griffiths,2005)
Social Science
environmental impact
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working conditions
Harsh working conditions are common especially in informal sectors,with long hours and being exposed to dust(Khumalo,2021)
Clay resource sustainability
For clay resources to be sustainable,there has to be responsible extraction and rehabilitation of land(Dlamini,2020)
Economic impact
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Job creation
In rural and informal sectors,brick making creates jobs(Nkosi,2022)
urban development Housing and infrastructure are provided for,resulting in urban development(Dube,2021)
Cultural significance
Traditional homes
Traditional homes in many rural areas use clay bricks to build(Moyo,2019)
Indigenous techniques
These techniques involve sun-drying bricks and hand molding clay(Moyo,2019)
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