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Freedom of expression for parliaments and their members: Impotance and…

- - - - Restrictions: General part
      - Restrictions: Specific issues
    - - Independent regulatory bodies
      - Media diversity
      - Regulation
        
        Of the print media
        
        Of the broadcast media
        
        Of journalist
        
        Of public service media
        
        Online media
    - - Core international guarantees
      - Importance of freedom of expression
      - Key characteristics of the right
  - - - The oversight role of parliaments and their members
      - Parliaments and their members as social leaders
      - Parliaments and their members as legislators
      - Parliaments and transparency
      - General points
    - - The Key characteristics of non-accountability
      - Parliamentary powers to regulate speech
      - Inviolability
      - Political parties
    - - The media
        
        This section addresses two main issues. The first is the question of media access to parliament, including the all-important question of accreditation.The second looks at wider relationship issues such as tolerating criticism and the love-hate relationship.
        
        Acces and accreditation
        
        Media access to parliament is crucially important given that the media provide something of a two-way communication channel between parliament and its members and the public.
        
        For parliament and its members, the media is an essential tool for getting messages out to citizens.
        
        For citizens, the media are equally essential as a means for ensuring they know what parliament is doing, the role individual members, and of course the specific positions of parties and candidates during elections
        
        Tolerating criticism and the wider relationship
        
        That media independence means that the media exert a large measure of control over the terms of the relationship
        
        They decide whether and to what extent to carry statements made by parliamentarians and parliamentary officials.
        
        Strong reasons for parliamentrians to cultivate positive relations with the media.
        
        If the relationships are good, they can significantly bolster the ability of parliamentarians to represent their constituents.
      - Civil servants and parliamentary staff
        
        There is the issue of confidentiality of information which may be shared between parliamentarians and officials