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ethnicity and education - Coggle Diagram

- - - - gillborn+youdell
        
        quick discipline to black students
        
        'racialised expectations'
        
        threats
        
        white teachers stereotype
        
        not engaged w school/self doubt
        
        self fulfilling prophecy
        
        master status
        
        anti school subcultures
  - - - black masculinities im/compatibe to school culture
      - hypermasculinity conflicts schools
      - black boys see school as effeminate/mugs game
        
        e.g reading/writing etc
      - conformists
        
        41% rejected hypermasculine identity
      - innovators
        
        35% education is important but do bare min
      - rebels
        
        18% reject n+v of education
      - retreatists
        
        6% kept to themselves
        
        SEN students
    - - 'macho' warrior response
      - asian rebels described conformist asians as weaklings
  - - - david
        
        national curriculum is specifically british
      - hatcher
        
        institutional racism, role models and language
      - coard
        
        in history, british are presented as the bringers of civilisation to primitive colonies
        
        image of black pupils is inferior
        
        low self esteem
      - gillborn
        
        idelogical function
        
        indian/chinese doing well conceals institutional racism
        
        appears meritocratic
        
        allows ignorance from government
  - - - assumed asian pupils have pure grasp on english
      - teachers disapprove of customs
        
        e.g ramadan
      - teachers mispronounce names
    - - primary school teachers see asians as passive/conformist
      - see them as more feminine/vulnerable
  - - - a/c girls dont accept stereotypes
    - - asian a-level students dont accept
      - doesnt always become self concept
        
        can be ignored
        
        e.g all girls schools have greater gender academic achievement
  - - - worse by increasing amount of selection
      - more opportunities for negative stereotypes
        
        difficult to get into high achieving schools
      - education becomes racially segregated
    - - asian parents avoid rough schools w/ rep for racism
      - opt for safe and firm discipline
      - self segregation
    - - secondary school admission procedure report stereotyped minority students
      - lack of info/application forms in minority languages
- - - - kids from low income black families lack intellectual stimulation
        
        fail developing reasoning/problemsolving
      - bereiter+engellmann
        
        lang of poor black american families is disjointed/ungrammatical
        
        kids unable to express abstract ideas
        
        dont speak english=academically held back
    - - moynihan
        
        black families maternally headed
        
        mother struggles financially
        
        lack of male role models
      - murray
        
        high rate of low income families
        
        lack of male role models
        
        educational underachievment
      - pryce
        
        a/c family life is turbulent
        
        still have aspirational achievements
      - sewell
        
        not the absence of fathers which causes black boy underachievement
        
        cultural differences cause underachievement
        
        black boys nutured on MTV
        
        lower expectations than chinese/indian
      - ballard
        
        asian parents
        
        high aspirations of children
        
        expect high achievement
      - asian families
        
        obstacles to achievement
        
        girls are stereotyped w/ controlling attitudes
        
        do less well than boys
    - - underachieve
        
        low aspirations
        
        lack of parental support
      - lupton
        
        teachers report poor level of discipline in ww/c majority schools
        
        these schools had fewer on FSM
    - - education that is external to school
        
        give disadvantaged students support
        
        students may be lacking cultural capital/ language skills etc
      - e.g sure start centres
        
        support kids under 4
        
        opened 1990s
        
        conservatives shut them down due to 'lack of funding'
  - - - palmer
        
        half ethinic minority households w/ low income
        
        ethnics 2x more likely to be unemployed