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管理是什麼？如何有效管理? What is Management? How to Manage Effectively? - Coggle…
管理是什麼？如何有效管理?
What is Management? How to Manage Effectively?
管理定義 (
Management Definition
)
: 為了完成任務，達成目標，所採取的所有活動過程
All actions taken to achieve goals and complete tasks
(1)
管理的四大功能
4 Key Functions of Management
規劃
Planning
分析與目標 (Analysis & Goals)
組織
Organizing
資源分工 (Division of Work)
領導
Leading
溝通、激勵 (Communication, Motivation)
管控
Controlling
評估與改進 (Evaluation & Improvement)
(2)
管理的三個層級
3 Levels of Management
a)
個人層級
Individual-Level
權力與領導 (Leadership)
激勵 (Motivation: Push & Pull)
情緒、態度、創新 (Emotion, Attitude, Creativity)
b)
組織層級
Organizational-Level
組織生命週期 (Life Cycle)
組織文化與承諾 (Culture & Commitment)
協調與學習 (Coordination & Learning)
c)
環境層級
Environmental-Level
政經社會環境 (P.E.S.T factors)
顧客與供應鏈 (Customers & Supply Chain)
任務與創新 (Tasks & Innovation)
(3)
效率與效能
Efficiency vs Effectiveness
效率 Efficiency: 最少資源，最大產出 (Least input, max output)
效能 Effectiveness: 正確目標與成果 (Right goals, right outcomes)
(4)
管理觸發因素
Management Triggers
Push: 外部激勵 (e.g., salary, pressure)
Pull: 內部動力 (e.g., vision, values, mission)
(5)
流程觀點
Process-Oriented View
Input → Process → Output
結合人、流程、職位
(People, Process, Position)