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Intelligence - Coggle Diagram
Intelligence
Types of Intelligence
Carroll’s Model
- Reviewed more than 400 datasets in order to divide intelligence into three levels
- Called them “strata”
- Descend from most abstract to most specific
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Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
- Carroll’s work inspired Drs. Horn and Cattell
- Fluid Intelligence: Ability to think on your feet
- Crystallized intelligence: Ability to use language, skills, and experience to address problems
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
- EI is a set of skills by which a person has a firm grasp on the experience and expression of emotion
- Different from traditional models of intelligence that emphasize cognition (or thinking)
Why is EI significant?
- Self awareness for emotions and self-confidence
- Social awareness for empathy and organizational awareness
- Self management for self-control, adaptability, and initiative
- Relationship management for leadership, influence, and teamwork
Carol Dweck’s Mindsets
- Mindsets >Intellectual abilities
- People who are more willing to struggle with a challenge and who look at failure as a learning tool are more likely to improve their intelligence
- Dr. Dweck examined and followed high IQ children who perform well and those who do not, so-called “under achievers”
- Intelligence as fixed - Children who believe that their abilities in general and their intelligence specifically is a fixed trait tent to underperform.
- Intelligence as changeable - Children who believe that intelligence is changeable and evolving tend to handle failure better and perform better!
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Defining Intelligence
Intelligence - An individual’s cognitive capability, including the ability to acquire, process, and recall information.
Source of Intelligence
Social factors theory
- Primates tend to have brains that are better developed for communication and long term thinking than most other animals
- They live in highly complex social environments
- They live in groups/families
- Call for deception, altruism, numerical concepts, and a sense of self as a unique individual
General Intelligence
The “g”
- Charles Spearman
- Intelligence is a single thing, a “general factor”
- He based this conclusion on the observation that people who perform well in one intellectual area such as verbal ability also tend to perform well in other areas such as logic and reasoning.
Measuring Intelligence
To measure a full range of intelligence, we might include things such as Knowledge, Problem Solving, Attention, Critical Reasoning, or Speed of new learning.
To measure intelligence, we might test skills pertaining to problem solving, skill acquisition, attention, quantitative ability, verbal reasoning, and retention of knowledge.
Reflection 1: Learning about emotional intelligence (EI) illuminated how vital emotional regulation and empathy are to success, both personally and professionally. It made me more aware of how I manage stress, communicate with others, and interpret emotional cues. This reflection has encouraged me to be more intentional about developing EI as a key life skill, especially in group projects and leadership roles where interpersonal dynamics matter greatly.
Reflection 2: Carol Dweck’s work on mindsets had a profound impact on how I view my own potential. Previously, I often viewed failure as a sign of weakness, but understanding that a growth mindset fosters resilience and intellectual development helped shift my perspective. I now see challenges as opportunities to grow rather than obstacles to avoid, which has already begun to transform how I approach learning and self-improvement.
Reflection 3: The discussion about the role of social and cultural factors in shaping intelligence made me reflect on my own environment and opportunities. It reminded me that intelligence is not developed in isolation, rather, it’s influenced by context, support systems, and cultural experiences. This insight has deepened my commitment to advocating for educational equity and recognizing the potential in diverse communities, regardless of standardized metrics.