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MODULE 1: SICKLE CELL DISEASE - Coggle Diagram
MODULE 1: SICKLE CELL DISEASE
What is a Genetic Disease
What is a Gene?
Scientists described a gene as segment of DNA that contains instructions for the production of protein
Associated with physical traits: eye color or freckles
produce enzymes that allow us to digest our food, transport oxygen, and run our nervous system
other genes produce molecules that regulate when and where genes may function
What do we know about Human Inheritance?
based on passing of genes to the next generation
To be inheritable, trait must be encoded in the DNA and must be passed from one generation to the next
Accomplished through sexual reproduction and production of gametes: eggs and sperm
Why Study Sickle Cell Disease?
A single change in a gene causes hemoglobin in red blood cells to form incorrectly, preventing it from transporting oxygen to the tissues of the body
What is the Function of Hemoglobin
What is Hemoglobin?
a complex protein that consist of four polypeptide chains called globins.
Two types of globins: alpha and beta
Once the information for these genes is processed, the four polypeptides interact to forth large hemoglobin protein
The polypeptides contain of this protein contains a heme group: iron interacting with oxygen
Changes in structure of the global chains, as occurs in sickle cell disease, limits the ability of hemoglobin to interact with a heme group
What is the Function of the Red Blood Cells?
also called erythrocytecy, are responsible for the exchange to gases in bodies
don't contain a nucleus, and containing many hemoglobin molecules, which gives RBC its donut shape
How Does Hemoglobin Function in Gas Exchange?
When hemoglobin and oxygen mix, it makes oxyhemoglobin.
When oxyhemoglobin reaches the active tissues, it diffuse from the hemoglobin, out of the red blood cell and then into the cell requiring oxygen
poor mechanism for transporting CO2. Instead, CO2 is transported within the interior of the red blood cells as carbonic acid
At the alveoli, an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase converts the carbonic acid back to CO2 which is then exhaled
Chemical reactions occurs in the lungs
How Does Sickle Cell Disease Impact the Body?
How Does Sickle Cell Disease Impact the Respiratory System?
Due to blocked capillaries surrounding the alveoli become blocked by sickle shaped RBC, a condition called chest syndrome will occur (chest pain, high fever, and shortness of breath)
How Does Sickle Cell Disease Impact the Circulatory System?
Altered hemoglobin becomes sticky and climbs together in the RBC, causing the RBC to form the characteristics of sickle cell shape. In the capillaries, the sickle shape of RBC can block the capillary and restrict blood flow to the organs and tissues.
The oxygen concentration of the body drops in individuals with sickle cell disease, a condition call amnemia develops
How Does Sickle Cell Disease Impact Other Body Systems?
System-cell anemia impacts the entire, meaning it impacts the entire body
Blocked capillaries of the circulatory system can cause pain anhywhere in the body but its noticeable in the joints
The spleen may be enlarged and cause abdominal pain
The kidneys will struggle to filter blood, which cause blood in uirine or cause kidney failure
Individuals are more vulnerable to infections