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SOCIOLOGICAL - INFORMING POLICY DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
SOCIOLOGICAL - INFORMING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Penal populism
refers to the government's attempt at proposing laws to punish offenders that will be popular with the general public
Punitive laws
- laws that intend to punish
Custodial sentences
- a punishment of being sent to prison
Prison/right realism
Concurrent
- where two or more prison sentences are given and ordered to be served at the same time
Consecutively
- served one after the other
Suspended
- served in the community with conditions often relating to unpaid work
Determinate
- of a fixed length
Indeterminate
- of no fixed length
One of the most effective ways to deal with crime, however, has a poor record for reducing reoffending
Zero tolerance
This policy demands that all crimes are acted on, no matter how trivial they are
Based on 'broken window theory', developed by
George Kelling and James Wilson
and it suggests a link between disorder and crime, stating that visible signs of decay are signs of public disinterest
litter
broken windows
graffiti
abandoned housing
CCTV
it is useful as the identification of a potential suspect of a criminal act is very difficult if CCTV footage is not available
It has policy implications as a deterrent to prevent crime
e.g. images of looters during the riots in London in 2011
It can be used to show the nature and severity of the crime and identify suspects and witnesses. Many infamous cases have been solved thanks to CCTV evidence
Restorative justice
a voluntary process involving the person who has suffered harm and the person who has caused harm
Due to legislation, it can take place at any stage of the criminal justice process, both pre - sentence and after conviction where it can form part of the sentencing procedure
used by prisons and police forced
both
reduces reoffending
and
improves victim satisfaction
Multi-agency approach
issues such as
safeguarding or domestic abuse
may be prevented with the aid of numerous agencies working together, so that a full picture of the situation can be seen
Specialist police officers working with resettlement workers, the probation service substance misuse team and drug intervention programme to
tackle repeat drug offending
Cooperation between agencies working in the criminal justice system is clearly important in order to increase the risk of detecting crimes and prevent them from happening in the first place