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Victorian Age, Charles Dickens, Jane Eyre, hard times - Coggle Diagram

- - - - technological progress that transformed industry and transportation, especially through iron and steam.
        
        middle class was the main beneficiary of this new situation
        
        enjoying improvements such as electricity, affordable clothing, and furniture.
        
        working class suffered from, poor sanitation, slum conditions, and overpopulation in cities.
        
        che class create the CHARTIST MOVIMENT
        
        for Universal suffrage and better working conditions
        
        Pollution, particularly from coal, darkened the air, and events like the “Great Stink” of 1858
        
        Crime: robberies, pickpocketing, prostitution, and murder was often a consequence of poverty.
        
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        Victorian compromise
        
        coexistence of progress, reforms, and political stability with poverty, injustice, and moral contradictions.
        
        Victorian society promoted values like duty, hard work, and respectability, while often hiding widespread vice prostitution, gambling, and drug use under a veil of hypocrisy.
        
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        London Underground
        
        telegraph, which transformed communication and travel.
        
        Toward the end of the Victorian Age, Britain faced competition from other industrializing nations, triggering an economic depression in the 1870s–90s that particularly affected the working class.
  - - - people could borrow books from circulating libraries; novels were published in periodicals and newspapers; and the middle class reads stories that reflected their lives and struggles.
        
        featured complex plots, multiple subplots, rich character development, omniscient third-person narrators, and a realistic portrayal of human life
        
        novels published in serials in newspapers, through the feedback of the readers the writer changed
        
        erly victorian novelist
        
        The novelists of the first phase do not offend and maintain a certain decorum, they represent reality and the Victorian Compromise
        
        London: a place of progress but also of alienation for the writer
        
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- - - - Children are prominent characters in his novels,
        
        Dickens was fascinated by urban life, and many of his novels are set in London. He described London realistically, with detailed foggy, dirty streets with pickpockets and criminals.
  - - - one of Dickens's most famous novels and a social commentary on Victorian society.
        
        critics the mistreatment of children in workhouses under the Poor Law of 1834
        
        the hypocrisy and immorality of workhouse administrators (like Mr. Bumble), and the exploitation of children as criminals in London.
        
        Workhouses were institutions for the poor, including orphans and abandoned children, supported by private and public funds
        
        Oliver is born and raised in a workhouse and faces inhuman treatment
        
        After asking for more food He runs away due to the cruelty he experiences
        
        and falls in with a gang of young thieves in London's slums, led by Fagin, with accomplices like Sikes and Nancy.
        
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- - - - the first part
        
        Jane is an orphan living with her hostile aunt, Mrs. Reed, and her cousins.
        
        Jane is sent to the strict Lowood school. After eight years, she becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, the residence of Mr. Rochester.
      - second part
        
        Jane accepting Rochester's marriage proposal.
        
        On the wedding day, it is revealed that Rochester already has a wife, Bertha Mason, who is mentally ill and confined to the attic. Shocked, Jane leaves Rochester
      - third part
        
        Jane stays with her cousins at Moor House and meets St. John Rivers, who proposes marriage.
        
        Jane refuses and, after hearing Rochester's voice, returns to Thornfield.
        
        She finds the house destroyed by a fire in which Bertha died, and Rochester has lost his sight. Jane chooses to stay with him, they marry, and Rochester partially regains his sight.
- - - - The novel was controversial for depicting passionate love from a woman's perspective, challenging conventional morality by exploring female love, passions, torments, and frustrations.
        
        Jane is portrayed as an independent and intelligent woman who asserts herself while maintaining her dignity.
        
        Her refusal to become Rochester's mistress reflects Victorian principles
        
        The novel explores themes such as the outsider's struggle for self-respect, marriage as a relationship of equals, social position, and gender inequality
        
        Gothic elements, with Thornfield Hall serving as a Gothic setting that conceals Rochester's secrets, and includes mysterious events and suggestions of the supernatural.
        
        The novel emphasizes the importance of education for women's emancipation, as it enables Jane to achieve independence.
        
        The narrative is partly autobiographical, told from Jane's first-person perspective, allowing readers to connect with her experiences and emoti
        
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- - - - Gradgrind raises his children, Louisa and Tom, with the same philosophy, suppressing their emotions and imagination.
        
        Louisa marries Mr. Bounderby, a rich banker, to help her brother Tom get a job.
        
        Tom, who is lazy and selfish, robs his employer, but is discovered and forced to leave the country
        
        Mr. Gradgrind eventually realizes the harm caused by his materialistic philosophy and abandons it.
      - Coketown represents a real industrial town in mid-19th century Victorian England, depicted as a 'hellish land' with uniform, soot-covered buildings.
        
        factory machines are described as monstrous, and the polluted air symbolizes productivity and industry.
        
        The novel portrays Coketown as a place of 'hard facts' and 'hard lives,' where people are dehumanized, and their emotions and imagination are stifled by the materialism and narrow-mindedness of Utilitarianism.
        
        This philosophy is illustrated through the characters of Mr. Gradgrind, who educates with facts, and Bounderby, who treats workers as objects.
        
        Gradgrind believes human nature is quantifiable and governable by reason, turning his children into emotionless machines.
        
        The novel aims to show the dangers of dehumanization and the necessity of compassion and imagination, suggesting that 19th-century England was turning people into machines.