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MM4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Changes in a population’s gene pool from generation to generation
        
        Factors
        
        Mutation
        
        Natural selection
        
        Genetic drift
        
        Migration
        
        Nonrandom mating
    - - Change in one of the nucleic acids
      - Some are apparent in phenotype
      - Source of all new alleles
      - Must be in gametes to be inherited
      - Male pollen sperm
      - Female ovule egg
- - - - orientation of bivalents is random
    - - orientation of sister chromatids is random
    - - genetic diversity
      - multiple deleterious
  - - - dominnace
        
        genotype made up of alleles
        
        heterozygosity
        
        homozygosity
      - segregation
        
        offspring inherit 2 alleles for a gene
        
        separated
      - independent assortment
        
        gene pairs that are not related
        
        gene pairs that are not linked segregate
  - - - segments of chromosome are lost
    - - part of the chromosome has doubled
    - - piece rotates 180
    - - exchange of part between 2 nonhomologous chromosomes
- - - - Population size (N)
      - Exponential growth
      - J-shaped curve
      - Unlimited resources
      - Logistic growth
      - S-shaped curve
      - Typical of a population that
      - self regulates
      - Has a carrying capacity (K)
    - - Exponential growth
      - dN/dt = rN
      - Logistic growth
      - dN/dt = rN[(K-N)/K] =
      - rN(1-N/K)
  - - - To predict if a population will grow or shrink, ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population.
      - Life tables summarize birth and death rates for organisms at different stages of their lives.
      - Population age structure—Are there lots of: young individuals? Old individuals? Reproductive age individuals?; and similar questions
      - Population growth rate—How fast is the population size growing (or shrinking)? Population survivorship patterns—Does most mortality occur in the very young? The very old? Or equally across all ages?
  - - - a group of actually or potentially interacting species living in the same location.
      - bound together by a shared environment and a network of influence each species has on the other.
      - factors affecting interactions include
      - abiotic environment
      - biotic interactions that occur between species