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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAM, Cognitition: History & Methods,…
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAM
Cognitition: History & Methods
study strategies
retrieval practice
question/answer technique
elaboration
build on content from imagination
spaced practice
practicing in increasing time intervals over an extended epriod of time
mindset
growth
belief that you can learn, and will improve with effeort and dedication
fixed
belief that you already know everything you ever will, and that you will remain unchanged
how researchers study cognition
behaviorism
study of cognition through the observable, non-subjective means of behavior
limitations
don't have insight as to why people are thinking or behaving a certain way
introspection
self report on what people are thinking, actively thinking about why how/how you are coming to certain conclusions
limitations
thought is a subjective experience, hard to create a universal measurement of individual experiences
case studies
specific study of individual cases, allow for researchers to learn about uncommon scenarios, or to study something that would be unethical to conduct an experiment on
limitations
few and far between, can't control when they come up
correlational studies
give insight into itneraction between variables
limitations
cannot prove causation
directionality problem
unclear what influence is affectingt he other to cause observed affect
experiments
allow researchers to determine causality, variables manipulated to show directionality of affect
3rd variable problem
if variables are not properly controlled, other influences can impact the outcome of the experiment --> unclear if results are from IV/DV interaction or from 3rd variable/influence
cognitive revolution
debate on language acquisition
mental maps in rats (Tolman's Study)
gestalt principles of perception
proximity
similarity
continuity
closure
figure-ground
role of schema in memory
Cognition: Biological Basis
methods to study the brain
lesion studies
neuroimaging
electrical recording
neurons
biology
action potentials
neurotransmitters
brain areas
lobes
frontal
temporal
occipital
parietal
subcortial structures
hippocampus
amygdala
thalamus
hypothalamus
brain activity
localization of function
lateralization of function
integration of brain areas
split brain patients
contralateral organization
capgras syndrom
Visual Perception & Recognition
complexity
sensation vs perception
gestalt principles of perception
top down vs bottom up
pathways
ventral (what)
dorsal (where)
eye to brain
anatomy of the eye
pupil
iris
lens
retina
photo receptors
rods
cones
trandsduction
fovea
optic nerve
blind spot
properties of vision/perception
lateral inhibition
parallell processing
binding problem
depth cues
binocular disparity
pictoral depth cues
occulusion/interposition
relative hieght/elevation
relative size
texture gradient
linear perspective/perspective convergence
familiar size
view dependent recognition
inversion effects
holistic recognition
issues with vision/perception
prosopagnosia
ponzo illusion
effects of experience on facial recogntion
greeble study
Attention
splitting attention
slective attention
attentional capture
cocktail party effect
divided attention
task complexity
applications
distracted driving
classroom learning
dichotic listenting task + findings
task switching
costs
properties
late filter
early filter
resource
limited capacity system
blindeness
inattentional
change
stroop task
Memory
information processing
model
encoding
storage
retrieval
techniques to improve retention
chunking
maintenence rehearsal
relational/elaborative rehearsal
serial position curve
primacy/recency affects
interference
proactive
retroactive
schema
types of memory
short memory
working memory
system
capacity
individual differences
sensory memory
long term memory
organization
imagery
prospective
expiriments
US Penny study
Apple logo study
DRM False Memory
Ebbinghaus' contributions
forgetting curve
measure of savings
issues with memory
amnesia
anterograde
retrograde
tip of the tounge states
memory sins
transience
blocking
absent-mindnedness
misattribution
suggestibility
bias
reconstructive nature of memory
unreliability of memory for eyewitness testimony & identification
Concepts
views/models
exemplar model
prototype model
classical view
categorization
graded category membership
all-or-none category membership
resemblence
family resemblence
problems
tasks
sentence varification
production
rating
semantics
semantic netowrks
hierarchical
interrelated
semantic priming in lexical direction tasks
Language
charachteristics
discreteness
productivity
generativity
grammar
syntax
displacement
hierarchy of linguisitc units (lowest to greatest)
words
phrases
morphemes
sentences
phonemes
Mental Imagery
Judgement & Reasoning
Themes in Cog Psych