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Water, Electrolyte, and pH Homeostasis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - interstitial fluid
      - lymph
      - plasma
      - transcellular fluid
- - - - Na⁺, Ca²⁺, HCO₃⁻
    - - creates a slightly positive charge outside the cell
  - - - K⁺, Mg²⁺, phosphate
    - - creates a slightly negative charge inside the cell
- - - - Converts excess H⁺ into carbonic acid → CO₂
      - Reversible: CO₂ ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻
      - Resists both acidosis and alkalosis
    - - more H+ ions produced
      - lowers pH
      - acidosis (blood becomes more acidic)
    - - less H+ ions are produced
      - increases pH
      - alkalosis (blood becomes more basic)
  - - - Adjusts CO₂ via breathing
      - Slower response than chemical buffers
    - - Secretes H⁺ and reabsorbs HCO₃⁻
      - long-term regulation
  - - - Metabolic forms are often more severe and harder to treat