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Chapter 13: The periodic table - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 13: The periodic table
metalloid
look like metals but brittle like non-metals
semiconductors
physical properties for alkali metals (group 1)
soft, can be cut easily
low melting points
low densities, float on water
going down the group
melting points decrease
density increase
highly reactive, going down the group, atom size increase, lose outer electrons, reactivity increases
react with water form an alkali and hydrogen
halogens (group 7)
most reactive non-metals, react with most metals
diatomic covalent compounds
going down the group
melting & boiling point increase
density increase
color intensities increase (become darker)
chlorine
color- pale yellow-green gas
smelly & poisonous
bromine
color- deep red liquid with red-brown vapour
smelly & poison
iodine
color- grey-black solid
smelly & poison
physical state change from gas to liquid to solid when going down the group
strong acids when dissolved in water
can react directly with metals to form metal halides as they only have 7 outer shells, so need 1 more electron ex. chlorides, bromides, iodides
undergo displacement reactions
powerful oxidising agents, lose their color, chlorine acts as oxidising agent, bromide acts a reducing agent ( reduce color slowly), oxidising power decreases down the group
transition elements
high melting points & high densities (higher than alkali metals)
hard & strong
form coloured compounds, diff at diff oxidation numbers
good catalysts, speed up chemical reaction & remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
have variable oxidation number, cam form more than 1 type of oxide
noble gases/ inert (group 8)
monatomic
colourless gas at r.t.p
low-melting & boiling points
insoluble in water
unreactive as they full electronic configuration