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The Quran is the central Islamic holy text. - Coggle Diagram
The
Quran
is the central Islamic holy text.
The teachings in the Quran were revealed to Muhammad by the archangel
Gabriel
over a period of 23 years, until Muhammad's death.
Muhammad
is considered the prophet of Islam. He was born into a prominent family, but was orphaned. In 610, at the age of 40, he was first visited by Gabriel and soon began preaching.
Muhammad was born in
Mecca
, and also received his revelation there. Mecca has become one of three central holy places in Islam, and is home of the Kaaba which serves as the focal direction of Muslim prayer.
Major Teachings of the Quran
Tawheed
is the Islamic concept of monotheism. It affirms that God is both single and one, refuting the idea of the Holy Trinity.
The opposite of Tawheed is
Shirk
, the sin of polytheism.
Jihad
is the idea of struggle or exertion and is split in two categories: lesser and greater.
Lesser Jihad
is the external struggle to protect Islam against threats.
Greater Jihad
is the internal struggle to be a better person.
Other Religious Texts
The
Hadith
means "report" or "account of" and is an oral tradition of Muhammad's teachings
From the Hadith comes the teachings of the
Five Pillars
of Islam. They are considered to be core and obligatory practices.
Zakat
is alms giving, or charity. This is separate from tithes given to holy institutions, and must benefit the poor of society.
Sawm
is the fast during the daylight hours of Rammadan. Fasting increases self-discipline as well as a connection to and dependence on God.
Salah
is prayer, which must be carried out five times a day following the position of the Sun. Muslims must pray facing Mecca, and they must wash before prayer (wudu).
Hajj
is the pilgrimage to
Mecca
required to be taken once in a lifetime if possible. During this pilgrimage Muslims perform specific rituals, including walking around the Kaaba, touching the Black Stone, and symbolically stoning Satan.
Shahada
is the declaration of faith. Muslims must, at least once in their life, faithfully assert out loud that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.
Muslims view the Quran as a continuation, and perfect culmination, of the Old and New Testaments. Despite their belief that the Torah and the Bible are misguided in their interpretations of God's word, they still consider Jews and Christians to be
"People of the Book"
.
Practical Application of the Quran
The belief that the Quran is God's revelation of the way one should live leads to the adoption of a
theocracy
, in which a body of religious leaders also act as political leaders.
Sharia Law
is the body of law derived from the Quran and Hadith.
After the death of Muhammad, a disagreement over his successor led to a split in Muslims
Sunni
Believe Muhammad left no successor
Appoint
Abu Bakr
, Muhammad's father-in-law and one of the earliest converts, as caliph
Sh'ia
Believe Muhammad named Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor
Appoint him as a political and spiritual leader
Accept doctrines from later Islamic prophets
Sufism
is a mystic body of belief in Islam that is believed to predate the division of later sects. They seek to purify their spirit from within, often engaging in asceticism.
