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social changes affect policy development - Coggle Diagram
social changes affect policy development
types of social change
social values
rules shared by most in a culture
protects vulnerable people
e.g not smoking in a vehicle carrying someone under 18
norms
behaviours/attitudes normal/expected
norm to treat everyone equally
crime and disorder act 1998
hate crime laws
attempt for more equal treatment
punish discrimination
mores
customs/norms/behaviours morally/ethically acceptable
immoral to be cruel to animals
hunting act 2004
banned trad hunting of foxes
policies reflect changing mores of society
types of social change
public perception of crime
changes in the crimes we prioritise
attitudes/norms/expections of behaviour change over time
influenced by education
previous deviance no longer recognised as such
e.g homosexuality
changing beliefs
legal/acceptable now percieved as criminal/deviant
e.g DV/public smoking
structure of society
gender equality
structure was patriarchal
previously sought after male benefit
now improved position of women
religion
secularised
religious institutions less power/influence
people who identify as christian over past 35yrs fell from 66% to 38%
demographic changes
growth of the population
1946
48.9 million
2023
67.7 million
more diverse
sexuality
growing diversity w/ sexual orientation
2014
1.6% 16yrs+ identified as LGB
2019
2.7%
ethnicity
increased migration
ethnic minority population grown from 12% to 26% last 20yrs
cultural changes
change of norms/attitudes
cultural shift to deviance
cultural diversity in N/V/mores
globalisation
world is more interconnected
global culture instead of separate ones
domestic abuse
legalised under rule of thumb law 1857
beat your wife with a stick no wider than your thumb
reflects social norms/values
acceptable/ somewhat encouraged
change in structure of society
women have greater roles than caregivers
new laws/policies give women equal rights
equal pay act 1970
sex discrimination act 1975
norms/values began to change
public perception says its unacceptable
domestic+matrimonial proceeding act 1976
enable women to gain a court order without divorce
norm that couples should be married/ not live in sin
social attitudes/public perceptions are still changing
types of DV made criminal under Domestic Abuse Act 2021
including revenge porn
smoking
40s- social norm
encouraged by doctors to smoke cigarettes
research finds correlations w/ lung cancer
change in social values
banned advertising tobacco products
Tobacco Advertiing+ Promotion Act 2002
shift in public perception
smoking is now devant
health act 2006
prohibits smoking in enclosed public spaces e.g offices etc
children + families act 2014
prohibits smoking in a vehicle w/ under 18s
demographic of smoking population drastically decreased
1976
46% of UK
2014
18.5% of UK
more non-smokers than smokers
norm of smoking being unaccepted
influences policy devlopment
homosexuality
criminalised under the buggery act 1533
high profile arrests
discuss changing the law
change in public perception
less concerned with what was happening in private
sexual offences act 1967
decriminalised for men over 21 in private
heterosexuality remained social norm after decrim
section 28
ensure it remains dominant norm
demographic + structural changes
more people openly identify
more tolerance/acceptance
protection from law
equality act 2010
sexuality is a protected characteristic
structure of society has changed
secularised
marriage is more ceremonial
homosexuals should be equal
marriage (same sex couples) act