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DIGESTIVE and URINARY SYSTEMS JAIME CHAVEZ per 5 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - gallbladder: Store and concentrate Bile by absorbing water and ions.
      - liver: Largest gland that produces Bile; Bile Salts function to fat emulsification and absorption, also Bile Bilirubin gives feces color. Also producing bile to aid digestion, metabolizing nutrients, filtering blood, storing essential nutrients, synthesizing proteins, regulating blood clotting, and detoxifying harmful substances.
      - pancreas: Produce pancreatic juice and secrete insulin and glucagon (hormones). Pancreatic juice is a watery alkaline wolution that neutralizes acidic chyme coming from stomach. It also contains Enzymes such as Proteases for proteins, Amylases for charbohydrates, Lipases for Lipids (fat), and Nucleases for nucleic acids (DNA)
      - salivary glands: cleanses mouth, dissolves food chemicals for taste, moistens food (into bolus), breaking down with amylase enzyme.
      - tonge: gripping, repositioning, and mixing of food. Swallowing and speech and taste.
      - theet: Mastication, mechanichal breakdown.
    - - mouth: Where food is chewed and mixed with enzyme containing saliva that begins process of digestion.
      - Pharynx: Allow passage of food, fluids and air. only air passes through nasopharynx.
      - Esophagus: tube that runs from laryngopharynx to stomach. Sphincters (like cardiac) keeps orifice closed when food is not being swallowed, helps protect from acid reflux.
      - Stomach: Temporary storage tank that starts chemical breakdown (with gastric juice) of protein digestion, also physical breakdown. Conversation bolus to chyme.
      - Small Intestine: major organ for digestion and absorption. Divided into Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum. Microvilli (brush border) contains Enzymes that digest carbohydrates and proteins. Mechanical breakdown by peristalsis and segmentation.
      - Large Intestine: Divided : into Cecum, Appendix, Colon (ascending, transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid), Rectum, and Anal Canal. Bacterial Flora ferments indigestible carbohydrates and mucin, releases irritating acids and gases, synthesise B and K vitamines, and Gut health. Digestion: there is no food breakdown (expect done by bacteria), propulses feces to anus and defecation, reabsorptio of vitamines, water, and electrolytes.
      - Rectum and anus: Prevents stool for escaping, opens to body exterior.