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Reproductive Biotechnology - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive
Biotechnology
Oestrus synchronization
advantanges
Therapy for beef animals with lactation anoestrus
Accurately recognizing the best moment for AI
Therapy for cows that do not enter estrus after 45 days from calving
Facilitating the detection of estrus in intensive and extensive farms
Reducing the calving-conception interval
Allowing AI with high-quality semen from multiple females
Synchronizing calvings
Hormonal drugs
Directives 96/22/EC and 96/23/EC concerning the prohibition on the use of certain substances having a hormonal action in livestock production.
DEROGATION PERMITTED for specific treatments with the following purposes:ZOOTECHNICAL THERAPEUTIC
Reproductive
Biotechnology
Animal pathologies requiring
strong anti-inflammatory therapy
residual effects on consumers of foods of animal origin.
phase
2) on Day 8, the protocol provides for the administration of PGF in 36-48 hours provoke luteolysis
3) The second GnRH injection (Day 10) is then administered ovulation of the oocyte after 28 hours (22-36) post-treatment
1) administration of a dose of GnRH (Day 1) release of LH ovulation (aim of inducing the emergence of a new follicular wave)
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer
reproductive technique that increases the number of offspring from a live known donor animal
Advantages
amplifing the genetic potential of a cow, multiplying the number of offspring.
Management of some reproductive pathologies that do not allow the implantation of the embryo in the uterus and therefore the non-continuation of the pregnancy
optimizing genetic selection effort
Possibility of creating milk x meat CROSSES without difficulty in calving
Genetically valuable
cow
Good ovulation but no implantation allowed
Little or no ability to care for offspring
embryo transfer is the equivalent of
surrogate motherhood
In the best case scenario, a high-quality cow, in an intensive breeding farm, could give birth to 5-6 daughters.
With embryo transfer, the embryos of the high-quality cow can be transferred to genetically less interesting subjects and used as simple surrogate mothers.
In such case we may obtain 30 daughters.
Method
Artificially inseminate the donor cows with bulls that have desirable genetics
Approximately seven days later, a veterinarian uses a catheter to
flush the embryos from the uterus of donor cow
Select donor cow and treat them with hormones to stimulate multiple ovulations
Use a microscope to isolate the good embryos
Freeze the embryos if needed
Transfer the embryos into the recipient cows
Outcome
The pregnancy rate for cow embryo transfer is typically
around 65–70% for fresh embryos
around 60–65% for frozen embryos
However, the success rate depends on many factors, including the quality of the embryos and recipients
Technical factors
Recipient quality
Embryo quality
Donor cow
Never nedeed more than two AI services in row
A one year interbirth interval
Regular ovarian cycles
Never had reproductive pathologies
At least 15 months old
Never had dystocia
Clonation
Technique
The nucleus is removed from an egg cell taken from a
female
The isolated nucleus (point 1) and the egg cell without the nucleus (point 2) are fused together through a small electrical stimulation
The nucleus is isolated from one of these cells
The new cell formed begins to divide forming an
embryo
Some stem cells are removed from the subject to be
cloned (breast).
The embryo is implanted in the uterus of a third
animal
At the end of gestation, an individual IDENTICAL to
the subject DONOR OF THE NUCLEUS is born.
ADVANTAGES
Creation of study models for neurodegenerative
and genetic diseases
Fixation of traits obtained through cross-breeding
and selection
Conservation of endangered species
Reproductive needs in castrated or sterile animals
GMOs
Therapeutic purposes (inserting genes into
animal, plant or bacterial species which produce
molecules useful for human pathologies)
DISADVANTAGES
Ethical concern
Legal limitations
Poor efficacy
Premature aging and high incidence of genetic disease and congenital malformations among cloned animals