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Digestive & Urinary system - Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary system - Izabella Gendorf P:5
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM
Major Functions
Ingestion: The process of taking food into the body through the mouth.
Digestion: The breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
Absorption: The transfer of nutrients from the digestive system into the bloodstream.
Elimination: The removal of waste products from the body through the anus.
Digestive Enzymes
Amylase: Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
Pepsin: Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
Lipase: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Location of Digestion and Absorption
Carbohydrates: Digestion begins in the mouth and continues in the small intestine. Absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Proteins: Digestion begins in the stomach and continues in the small intestine. Absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Fats: Digestion occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile. Absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Layers of the GI Tract
Mucosa: The innermost layer, responsible for absorption and secretion.
Submucosa: Supports the mucosa.
Muscularis: A layer of smooth muscle that mixes food with digestive enzymes.
Serosa: The outermost layer, a thin layer of connective tissue.
Disorders
GERD: Stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn.
Lactose intolerance: The body is unable to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk.
IBS: Characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
Major Functions
Filtration: Removing waste and excess substances from the blood.
Reabsorption: Returning useful substances from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.
Secretion: Adding waste products to the filtrate.
Excretion: Removing waste products from the body through urine.
excrete : water, salt, nitrogenous waste
Major Organs
Kidneys: Filter waste and excess substances from the blood.
Ureters: Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder: Stores urine.
Urethra: Carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Glomerulus: Filtration occurs here. filters the blood
Proximal convoluted tubule: Reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients occurs here.
Loop of Henle: Regulates the concentration of the urine.
Distal convoluted tubule: Further reabsorption and secretion occur here.
Collecting duct: Collects urine from multiple nephrons.
Disorders
Kidney stones: Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys.
Kidney failure: The kidneys are no longer able to filter waste and excess substances.
Urinary tract infections: Infections that occur in the urinary system.
Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Liver: Produces bile to aid in fat digestion.
Large intestine: Water is absorbed, and waste is prepared for elimination.
Small intestine: Most nutrient absorption occurs here.
Stomach: Food is mixed with gastric juice that breaks down proteins.
Esophagus: Food is swallowed and passes through to the stomach.
Mouth: Food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
Major Organs
Peristalsis : involuntary muscle that moves food and waste through the digestive tract
Small intestine : chemical digestion
Alimentary canal : esophagus, small/large intestine, stomach
Cecum is not apart of the small intestine
Salivary glands : make saliva