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Caliban and prospero Critics - Coggle Diagram
Caliban and prospero Critics
Tillyard
Caliban is left to rule the island after and Prospero forgets him
MURRAY
Ferdinand and Miranda are empathetic idealistic figures with their empathy
Caliban is the primitive and Ferdinand and Miranda are thebultimate
They are the hope for the future whilst Caliban is the primitive beginning
Gonzalos speech about the commonwealth - it is the innocence not of the primitive, but the ultimate, which he seeks to embody
AUDEN
Ariel and Caliban need to coexist at the ends of the play however they can’t as Prospero released him to elsewhere but we don’t know where
Prospero has destroyed the natural harmony
He seeks dominance of everything whilst in nature it is divided
Ariel has the air whilst Caliban is the earth
He uses dogs to chase people and bees to sting Caliban
KERMODE
Caliban is the natural man
As a defined slave which is more akin to our own nature than someone who is fulfilling a societal role
He is far more natural than Prospero who is the sign of conditioning
Leslie A Fielder
Prospero sees the island as a place to use as a springboard amor as a tool to gain his desire whereas Caliban sees it as magical and a living nature
OCTAVE MANNONI
The cooonial is lile prospero that they don’t have an awareness of the respect they should have for a world full of others
Caliban both lives in this world of others and is a representation of it
Lamming
Prospero envies the passion of the youth of Miranda and Ferdinand
He has a desire to command and conquer which is fatiguing for him, he becomes very aware of his hangups and evaluates himself which has a negative impact on himself
The way he treats the external world affects him
He recognises his failure when evaluating his actions in the world, especially with Caliban when breaking his staff, and recognises he created rhe shadow
LUPTON
Caliban’s enforced celibacy is designed to prevent him to procreate as he is a singular leviathan, they don’t want more monsters or be able to create a society for themselves
At the time a leviathan was thought to be a singular monster as it wouldn’t be able to coexist with other animals
Caliban as an Adamic figure in that he cannot procreate as it would create this monstrous society but he cannot stop himself yearning for a mate
Links to Prospero as God and links to Dryden as Caliban is a representation of the 7 deadly sins
DRYDEN
Caliban is given a dehectidness of a slave
This gives Prospero a tyrannical role but Dryden suggest this is justified As he is superior
The idea is that he imposes this slave dejectidnesss onto him after the attmepted rape of Miranda
he deserves this role in Drydens view
Social Darwinism
Says Caliban has ignorance because he grows up on an island
Calibans perspective could be that Prospero has taught him this - the ignorance is the fault of Prospero
WARTON
Caliban doesn’t keep the spirit of Revolution until the end of the play
he gains a spirit of repentence
When prospero shows more mercy Caliban seeks to be less animalistic and be more submissive himself, Shakespeare makes the point that Tyranny will be met with conflict
Hazlitt
Shakespeare is masterful at blending the grotesque and the dramatic
in effect Hazlitt praised Shakespeare for his stagecraft in being able to blend the actions and images of Caliban and Stephanie and Trinculo
perhaps suggesting nature preceded nurture
Could also be seen in Prospero and linked with the psychological approach to the play wherein Caliban and Ariel are both aspects of Prospero’s mind
DOWDEN Stratchley and Knight
We relate Prospero to Shakespeare himself
Prospero seems to be in control of the scenes in a way that isn’t temporal in the setting
he has a power over the narrative and power to impose emotions and cruelty upon others
Victorian era