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Biology part 1 - Coggle Diagram
Biology part 1
cell structure and function pt1
prokaryotes
include bacteria & archaea
1-10um
most successful
3.5 billion years old
no nuclei & few structures
eukaryotes
include plants, animals, fungi & protists
10-100um
2 billion years old
membrane bound organelles
unicellular or multicellular
more genetic material
plasma membrane
fluid mosaic membrane
phosophlipid bilayer: has hydrophilic head & 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails
passage of large molecules via protein channels & small proteins simple diffusion
has glycoproteins on surface as receptors
cholesterol imbedded in membrane to prevent membrane fluidity
cell components eukaryotes
mitochondria: cellular respiration/ATP production. outer mmebrane = permeable, inner membrane = folded, made of cristae, 1-10um in length
ribosome: translation & transcription. read the mRNA an make polypeptide chains
nucleus & nucleous: DNA synthesis produces m,t & rRNA
cytoplasm: jelly like substance bathing cell organelles
plasma membrane: highly selectively permeable membrane, allows passage of materials in and out cell & maintains strucutral intergriy of cell
golgi body: protein packaging and modification, vesicles from RER attach to golgi body
SER: makes steroid hormones and inactivates harmful by-products
RER: contains & distributes ribosomes, modifies proteins into specialised proteins
lyzosomes: single membrane, digest macromolecules via hydrolysis, digest bcteriva via endocytosis
peroxisomes: single membrane contains enzymes has a perioxomal targeting signal (receptor for specfic proteins)
cytoskeleton - complex framework
microfilaments: e.g. microvilli, resist tension help with movement, made of actin
microtubules - e.g. mitotic spindle, resist compression, made of tubulin
intermediate filaments - connect the skeleton, made of keratin & vimentin
additional components in plant cells
vacuole: stores nutrients
cell wall: made of cellulose in plants & chitin in fungi
chloroplasts: pigment
cell structure & function pt1
phospholipid bilayer
integral proteins - span the biylayer, recptors
lipid anchor
peripheral proteins - on surface of bilyaer, support intergral, hydrophillic
membrane transport
osmosis - diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane down a concetration gradient, requires no energy
nucleotdies: base pairs
A-T 2H bonds - 82
C3GO - C3PO H bonds