Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lecture 21: One Health Agriculture - Coggle Diagram
Lecture 21: One Health Agriculture
Key Challenges in Conventional Agriculture
Climate Impact:
Animal agriculture contributes 12–20% of global GHG emissions (methane, CO₂, nitrous oxide).
Land clearing for agriculture could lead to 1 billion hectares deforested by 2050, emitting 3 Gt CO₂-equivalent/year.
Public Health Risks:
Zoonotic Disease Emergence: Intensive farming increases human-animal interfaces (e.g., bacterial zoonosis).
Antimicrobial Overuse: High antibiotic use in livestock (e.g., China, 2018–2020) drives antimicrobial resistance.
Biodiversity Loss:
Agricultural intensification and land-use changes threaten ecosystems.
EU auditors warn farming is a major driver of biodiversity decline in Europe.
Strategies for Sustainable One Health Agriculture
Dietary Shifts:
Reduce reliance on animal products: Shift to plant-based diets and novel alternatives (e.g., lab-grown meat).
Benefits: Lower GHG emissions, reduced land/water use.
Livestock Management:
Shift from ruminants (cattle) to poultry/fish: Lower methane emissions.
Stanford/UC Berkeley model suggests eliminating animal agriculture could reverse climate change trajectories by reducing emissions and freeing land for carbon sinks.
Feed changes: Modify diets to reduce methane in ruminants.
Genetic selection: Breed livestock for higher productivity and disease resistance.
Innovative Practices:
Insect farming: Sustainable protein source with low environmental impact.
Climate-smart agriculture: Precision tools to optimize resource use (water, fertilizers).
Ecological Intensification
Boost yields using ecosystem services (agroforestry)
Increasing yields on underperforming croplands can meet food demand with minimal environmental harm.
Role of Biodiversity in Agriculture
Genetic Diversity
Enhances crop resilience to pests, diseases, and climate stressors.
Ecosystem Services
Pollination (e.g., bees), natural pest control, nutrient cycling.
Soil biodiversity critical for fertility and carbon sequestration.
Resilience
Biodiverse systems better adapt to climate extremes.
One Health Agriculture
One Health Approach:
Integrates human, animal, and environmental health to address interconnected challenges in agriculture.
Core Focus
: Sustainable food production, food security, and reducing agriculture’s environmental footprint while safeguarding public health.
Global Context
Global food demand projected to increase by 35–56% by 2050 (Nature, 2021).
Agriculture supports SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) but contributes to biodiversity loss, climate change, and zoonotic disease risks.