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HEV - Coggle Diagram

- - - - • Larger battery & more powerful motor than a Mild Hybrid (MHEV)
      - • Smaller battery then PHEV
      - • Can drive on electric power alone (unlike MHEVs, which always need the engine) Regenerative braking to recharge the battery
      - • No need to plug in – the battery charges via the engine and Regenerative braking
  - - - Small battery (48V or 12V system) – supports the engine but
      - doesn’t provide full electric drive
      - • Electric motor assists the engine during acceleration and stop-start
      - • Regenerative braking recovers energy to recharge the battery
      - • No need for external charging – the system recharges itself using the engine and braking energy
- - - - A mild hybrid layout has the ICE and motor independent of each other.
        Power flows are parallel and can be added together to get the total drive power.
        The engine will be running all the time when the vehicle is moving (same speed as the motor).
    - - Extension of the parallel hybrid with one clutch
        
        • Layout for strong hybrid
        
        • Allow for the engine to be disconnected  Pure electric
    - - The motor is connected to a subunit of the transmission instead of the engine crankshaft.
        Pure electric driving is possible by opening the appropriate transmission clutch.
        This layout allows for both the engine and motor to drive in parallel.
    - - The motor and engine are completely separated; they are on each axle.
        A semi-automatic transmission with a start-stop system is needed.
        This layout is suitable for a strong hybrid.
        In some cases, an additional generator is fitted to charge the high-voltage battery.
  - - - Always the strong hybrid (fulfils the requirement)
      - • A conventional transmission is not needed
      - • Engine can be optimized to only operate in a set of range of rpm