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Immune System, anatomical barriers, B-cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Bone marrow
        
        B lymphocytes
      - Thymus
        
        T lymphocytes
    - - Spleen
      - Lymph nodes
      - Mucosal immune system
  - - - Expressed on all nucleated cells
    - - Expressed on Antogen presenting cells
  - - - IgE
        
        Initiates a strong inflammatory reaction to parasites
        
        Involved in allergic(hypersensitivity) reactions
        
        Binds woth high affinity to receptors on mast cells, basophils, and activated esinophils
      - IgG
        
        The primary isotope produces in 2ary immune response
        
        Represents 75% of total serum immunoglobulin
        
        It’s half life is 23day
        
        Subclasses
        
        IgG2
        
        Responsible against bacterial capsular polysaccharides
        
        IgG3
        
        Opsonization
        
        Crosses the placenta
        
        Activates the classical pathways( complement system)
        
        IgG1
        
        Can cross the placenta
        
        Opsonization
        
        IgG4
        
        Can cross the placenta
      - IgM
        
        Half life: 5 days
        
        Occur as pentameter with jay chain
        
        High effective in classical pathway activation( complement system)
        
        Antigen receptor on mature B-cells
      - IgD
        
        Antigen receptor on mature B-cells
      - IgA
        
        Subclasses
        
        IgA1
        
        Monomeric, located in the blood and extracellular spaces
        
        IgA2
        
        Dimeric, located in mucus membranes and secretions
  - - - T cells
        
        Cytotoxic T cells
        
        Kill virus-infected, tumour, and transplanted cells
        
        Regulatory T cells
        
        Regulation and suppression of immune system
        
        T helper cell
        
        TH2
        
        Humoral immunity
        
        TH17
        
        Inflammation response against extracellular microorganisms
        
        TH1
        
        Cell mediated immunity
    - - Step 1: T cells bond to antigen-MHC complex on the surface of APCs, the actovation of T cells occur
        
        Step 2: Th will produce cytokines, Tc will kill virus-infected, tomur, and transplanted cells by inducing apoptosis to them
        
        Step 3: after killing the antigen, the number of activated T-cells will decrease because of apoptosis
        
        Step 4: production of antigen specific memory cells( Th memory cells and Tc memory cells)
- - - - Pathogen- associated molecular pattern (PAMPs)
      - Damage- associated molecular pattern (DAMPs)
    - - Immunoglobulin receptors
      - Complement system IgG FcR
      - Pattern recognition receptors
      - Complement receptors CR
- - - - tight junctions
      - gap junctions
      - desmosomes
- - - - degrades bactrial peptidoglycans found in tears blood and saliva
    - - break down H2O2 found in granules of immune system and saliva
    - - sequetrs iron from microorganisms found in saliva,blood,tissue fluids
    - - forms pores in organism membranes mucous membranes and immune cells
- - - - Mature(naive) B cell
        
        Activated by
        
        T dependant
        
        Non- protein antigens are able to activate B-cells without T helper cells
        
        B-cells express antigen receptors of limited diversity and make predominantly T- independent IgM response
        
        Activate the B-cells proliferation and deffrentation
        
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        T- independent
        
        B-cells bind the antigen on his surface(APC) and TH2 recognise the antigen
        
        The CD40 (APC) bind with CD40 costimulus
        
        Activates the B-cells proliferation and differentiation
        
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