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Motion and its Applications, download, download, Newtons_laws, download-1,…
Motion and its Applications
Kinematics
study of motion without considering its causes
scalar vs. vector
scalars (speed, distance), vectors (velocity, displacement)
position and displacement
where an object is and how far it has moved from the origin
velocity
Rate of change of displacement
formula
a= Δt/Δv
Acceleration caused by net force
Foundation for motion graphs and projectiles
real world examples
A car speeding up, slowing down
Skydiver falling with increasing velocity
Dynamics
the study of forces and why objects move
Isaac Newtons Laws
1st law: (Inertia): An object remains at rest or moves in a straight line unless acted on by a net external force
2nd law: Fnet=ma
3rd law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
types of forces
gravitational (Fg=mg), normal, friction, tension, applied
friction: Static vs. Kinetic; depends on surface and normal force
Newton’s Laws explain all acceleration in Kinematics
real-world examples
A rocket launch (Newton’s 3rd)
Pulling a sled on snow (friction)
Energy and Power
The ability to do work or cause change
work
formula
W = fd cos θ
power
formula
P = W/Δt
kinetic energy
formula
Ek=1/2mv^2
potential energy
formula
Ep=mgh
law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
efficiency
formula
efficiency = useful output energy / input energy x 100%
Work is done by forces
Energy converted in machines and circuits
real-world examples
Rollercoaster: PE ↔ KE
Electrical motors converting electrical energy to mechanical energy
Electricity and Magnetism
Study of electric charge, current, circuits, and magnetic effects
Ohm Law
formula
V=IR
electrical power
formula
P=IV
circuits
Series: one path, current is constant
Parallel: multiple paths, voltage is constant
magnetic fields
Created by moving charges
Shown with field lines
electromagnetism
Electric currents create magnetic fields
Motors, generators, transformers
real-world examples
Household wiring
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Electric cars and wind turbines
Connections Between Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law → Explains how forces cause acceleration in Kinematics
Work done by forces (Dynamics) → Converts into Energy (Energy & Power)
Electrical energy → Converted into Mechanical energy in Motors
Free Body Diagrams → Used in both Dynamics and Energy Calculations
Ohm’s Law and Power Formulas → Explain energy flow in circuits
