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English II "Tenses" - Coggle Diagram
English II "Tenses"
Present Simple Tense (Verb TO BE)
is
Used to describe situations that are general, habitual, or permanent.
it is formed by
conjugating the verb "to be" (am, is, are) according to the subject of the sentence.
example
"I am" for the first person singular, "he/she/it is" for the third person singular, and "we/you/they are" for the plural forms.
Affirmative Sentences
involves
using the correct form of the verb "to be" (am, is, are) depending on the subject of the sentence.
structure
Subject + Verb "to be" (am/is/are) + Complement
example
They are friends.
Questions
involves
inverting the subject and the verb "to be" (am, is, are) in statements.
structure
Verb "to be" (am/is/are) + Subject + Complement?
example
Are they friends?
important
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Negative Sentence
is constructed by
adding the word "not" after the verb "to be" (am, is, are).
structure
Subject + Verb "to be" (am/is/are) + Not + Complement
example
They are not friends.
contracted form
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Time and frequency expressions
role
These indicate specific points in time when actions or events happen.
example
"Every day"
"On Mondays"
"In the morning"
"At 3 o'clock"
"Today"
"Now"
They have a meeting on Mondays.
Present Simple Tense with Regular Verbs
consist
In the conjugation of regular verbs in the Present Simple tense typically involves adding specific endings to the base form of the verb according to the subject of the sentence.
example the first person singular (I)
I work in an office.
example the third person singular He (he, she, it)
He studies English.
explanation
For the third person singular (he, she, it), you add "-s" or "-es" to the base form of the verb. The choice between "-s" or "-es" depends on the final letter(s) of the verb.
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Questions and Answers
Yes/No Questions
example
Do you play soccer? (Yes/No)
Does she study English? (Yes/No)
affirmative answers
the subject and the main verb remain in the same order as in the question.
negative form
of the verb "do" (do not/does not) is used with the main verb in its base form.
Temporal adverbs
are
words that indicate when an action occurs or how often it happens. In the Present Simple tense with regular verbs, temporal adverbs provide additional information about the timing or frequency of actions.
Time Adverbs
example
He always arrives early for work.
Frequency Adverbs
example
He eats breakfast every morning.
provide
specificity and detail to descriptions of actions or activities in the Present Simple tense.
Present Simple Tense with Irregular Verbs
have
unique forms for different subject-verb agreements.
example
is the verb "to have"
I have
You have
He/She/It has
We have
You have
They have
These irregular verbs maintain the same form regardless of the subject, except for the third-person singular form in some cases, such as "is" for "to be" and "has" for "to have."
Affirmative Sentences
have
unique forms for different subjects, but they do not add "-ed" to the base form of the verb as regular verbs do.
example
I eat
You eat
He/She/It eats
We eat
You eat
They eat
Questions and Answers
involves
adjusting the word order and using appropriate auxiliary verbs or question words. Irregular verbs follow their unique conjugation patterns in questions, just as they do in affirmative sentences.
Questions
Do I swim?
Do you swim?
Does he/she/it swim?
Do we swim?
Do you swim?
affirmative
Yes, I swim.
Yes, you swim.
Yes, we swim.
Yes, you swim.
Yes, they swim.
Yes, he/she/it swims.
negative
No, I don't swim.
No, you don't swim.
No, he/she/it doesn't swim.
No, we don't swim.
No, you don't swim.
No, they don't swim.
Idiomatic expressions
are
expressions often have figurative meanings that may not be immediately apparent from the individual words.
example
To hit the hay: This expression means to go to bed or to go to sleep.
Past Simple Tense (Verb TO BE)
For the first-person singular subject "I"
conjugation of "to be" is "was."
example
I was tired yesterday.
For the second-person singular and plural subjects "you" and "we"
conjugation of "to be" is "were."
example
You were late for the meeting.
We were classmates in high school.
For the third-person singular subject "he/she/it,"
conjugation of "to be" is also "was."
example
He was happy with the result.
Affirmative Sentences
the verb "to be" follows this pattern
For the first-person singular subject "I," we use "was."
For the second-person singular and plural subjects "you," we use "were."
For the third-person singular subject "he/she/it," we use "was."
For the first-person plural subject "we," we use "were."
For the second-person plural subject "you" (referring to a group of people), we use "were."
For the third-person plural subject "they," we use "were."
Questions and Answers
question example
Were they happy with the result?
affirmative
Yes, they were
is use to
to express affirmative sentences about past actions or states.
negative
No, they weren't
is used to
to express negation about past actions or states.
Past Simple Tense with Regular Verbs
conjugation
adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb for both singular and plural subjects.
example
the base form of the verb "to walk" becomes "walked" in the past simple tense.
Questions and Answers
correct form
when asking questions in the past simple tense with regular verbs, the auxiliary verb "did" is typically used, followed by the subject and the base form of the verb.
example
Did you walk to school yesterday?
answer
Yes, I did. -No, I didn't
Past Simple Tense with Irregular Verbs
requires
an understanding of their unique conjugation patterns, as irregular verbs do not follow the standard "-ed" ending like regular verbs. Instead, irregular verbs undergo changes in their base form to indicate past tense.
example
"Eat" becomes "ate" (e.g., "They ate dinner together.")
Questions and Answers
involves
using the appropriate auxiliary verb and word order to inquire about past events and provide responses to those inquiries.
example
Did they see the movie on Friday?
answer
+Yes, they saw the movie on Friday. -No, they didn't see the movie on Friday.