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GI system - Coggle Diagram
GI system
connected organs
Oesophagus
upper oesophageal sphincter
cervical part
thoracic part
diaphragmatic part
abdominal part
lower oesphageal sphincter
Stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
Small Intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ilium
Large Intestine
illiocecal valve
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
hepatic flexture
splenic flexture
rectum
non-absorbed / non-digested foodstuffs
absorbed
water + sodium
fiber
synthesised
vitamins B1/B3/K + enzymes for fiber breakdown
hautral contractions
mixing
mass movements
peristalsis
defication reflex
↑ stretch receptors, sensory fibers (spinal cord), parasympathetic nervous system
Oral Cavity
oral vestible
lips
cheeks
gums
teeth
parotid papilla
oral cavity proper
tongue
hard palate
soft palate
ulvula
tonsils (not part of the GI system)
oropharynx
swallowing
oral phase
voluntary movement of tongue
pharyngeal phase
involunatry phase
soft palate and ulvula close
epiglottis closes
upper oesophageal sphincter relax
oesophageal phase
involuntary phase
primay peristalsis
secondary peristalsis
lower oesophageal shpincter relaxes
nAchR, M3R- smooth muscle
bolus moves via peristalsis
gastric secreetion
gastric phase
stomach distension (stretch receptors)
gastric juice production
parietal cells ---> produce HCl & intrinsic factor
chief cells ----> pepsinogen
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mucus cells ----> mucus
G cells ----> gastrin
stimulators: CCK-BR, H2R, M3R
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chemical stimuli (chemoreceptors)
short and long reflexes
cephalic phase
sight / smell / thought / taste stimulate
intestinal phase
gastrin secretion
enter-oxyntin
pyloric sphincter
bile secretion / pancreatic fluid ---> duodenum
chyle neutalisation
digestion and absorption of chyle
6 more items...
bolus ---> chyme
anus
internal sphincter
involuntary
external sphincter
voluntary
accessory organs (help with chemical digestion)
Liver
right
left
caudate
quadrate
bile composition
bile salts
cholesteral
primary bile acids
cholic acid
chenodeoxycholic acid
dehydroxylation
secondary bile acids
deoxycholic acid
lithocholic acid
gylcine + taurine
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phospholipids
cholesteral
conjugated bilirubin
Pancreas
head
body
neck
tail
endocrine pancreas
β-cells
insulin
feeding state
α-cells
glucagon
fasting state
δ-cell
somatostatin
PP cells
pancreatic polypeptide
regulates blood sugar levels
exocrine pancreas
neutralises digested food
+
enzyme production
acinar cells
pancreatic amylase
lipase
trypsinogen + chymotrypsinogen (zymogens)
trypsin + chymotrypsin
ductal cells
bicarbonate
sodium
potassium
chloride
pancreatic fluid secretion
cephalic + gastric phases
stimuli: look at gastric secretion
vagus nerve secretes ACh
binds to muscarinic receptores on acinar cells
cells secrete pancreatic fluid
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intestinal phase
I-cells secrete CCK
CCK binds to acinar cells
secrete pancreatic enymes
S-cells secrete secretin
secretin binds to ductal cells
secrete bicarbonate and water
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secretin inhibits gastrin
decrease in acid production
stimulators: M3R, CCK-A, Secretin-R, NBCe1B
inhibitors: SSTR (for somatostatin)
Gallbladder
neck
body
fundus
bile concentration + storage
salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
minor
Salivation + mastication
Amylase: food ---> bolus
M3R- Ach