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Renal Calculi - Coggle Diagram
Renal Calculi
Presence of hard solid mass of material/stone/calculus in the urinary system (from kidney to the urinary tract)
Etiology
Lifestyle (e.g., immobility, sedentary lifestyle)
Genetic (e.g., history of renal calculi)
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Drugs (e.g., calcium supplements)
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Clinical Manifestations
Proximal Ureter
Renal colic, flank pain, upper abdominal pain
Middle section of Ureter
Renal colic, anterior abdominal pain, flank pain
Kidney
Vague flank pain, hematuria
Distal Ureter
Renal colic, dysuria, urinary frequency, anterior abdominal pain, flank pain
Other symptoms
Pain or burning sensation while urinating, a persistent need to urinate, urinating more often than usual or urinating in small amounts, nausea and vomiting, cloudy or foul-smelling urine
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Non-Surgical Management
General
Analgesic (e.g., Narcotidcs, combination NSAID and anti-spasmotic)
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Specific
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Calcium oxalate
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Reduced dietary oxalate (e.g., potato chips, peanuts, chocolate, beets, spinach, beer)
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Uric acid
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Reduce dietary purines (e.g. red meat, nuts)
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Nursing Management
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Report abnormalities: increase bleeding in urine, anuria, signs of infection
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Nursing Diagnosis
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Risk of infection related to introduction of bacteria following manipulation of the urinary tract and obstructed urinary flow
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