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Art in the Roman Empire (and Roman Britain) and after the Romans in…
Art in the Roman Empire (and Roman Britain) and after the Romans in Britain
During Roman Britain
The Romans conquered Britain during Claudius's Emperorship in 43 AD. and held the Island until the 5th century AD.
Public Baths (in Bath for example)
Well paved road systems
Hadrian's Wall
It was a stone and timber fortification built by Emperor Hadrian between 122 and 128 AD across the width of northern England. The Antonine wall followed which was built to the north in today's Scotland.
It also served as custom posts to allow trade and levy taxation, allowing the economy to improve overtime and Britannia to flourish in peace.
It server as a military installation and fortification needed to halt Celtic raids in Roman Britain. Milecastles were placed at regular intervals and each pair had two turrets between them. Forts were built on and near the Wall to garrison legionaries, which proceeded to build it dividing it into length of 8km circa per legion.
It was built for the most part of stone (local Limestone) and turf.
Fortified towns
Rich villas
Palaces
The Roman buildings
Roman Architecture started developing massively after the 1st century BC. Since the Romans were great engineers and builders they built impressive public works such as
baths (for example le Terme di Caracalla in Rome)
Roman baths were impressive complexes with pools, libraries, gardens and art galleries. People used them both as places to bathe and socialize since it also provided entertainment (like juggling, gymnastic or listening to jesters). Food and drinks such as wine were available to visitors.
Caracalla's Baths could accomodate between 2000 and 3000 bathers and consisted of three main rooms, a
tepidarium
(warm room),
calidarium
(hot room) and
frigidarium
(cold room) and two
palestrae
(gyms). After exercise you could take a hot bath, be cleansed by an attendant using a
strigil
and cool off in the
frigidarium
.
theatres (like Teatro di Marcello in Rome)
acqueducts (like the Post du Gard in Provence)
circuses (like Circo Massimo in Rome)
basilicas (both civilian and religious later)
arches (like the one of Emperor Settimio Severo in Rome)
curias (like Curia Giulia in Rome)
The Romans used technology learnt from others such as
brick masonry
Concrete
The three orders of columns
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Arches (learnt from the Etruscans)
Domes (like the one on the Pantheon)
The Pantheon was a Temple built in 125 AD, its Dome was built with reinforced concrete and decorated with coffers, it also has a central open oculus (a round hole) allowing air flow and letting light in.
amphitheatres (like Anfiteatro Flavio in Rome)
The so called ''Colosseum'', a concrete amphitheater built by the Flavians in Rome took its name from the Colossal statue of Nero that was placed alongside it. It could accomodate 50000 spectators, the exterior is divided into four horizontal levels which reflect the internal structure creating balance. The sequence of columns and entablatures supports three orders of arches distributed according to weight (doric columns on the ground floor, then Ionic and Corinthian are superimposed). The building was finished in 80 AD and celebrated with 100 days of gladiatorial games (which took place till the 5th century, while animals would still be slaughtered till the 6th). Removing the heavy wooden floor allowed to reenact naval battles as well by flooding the lower cells.