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Ireland :star: - Coggle Diagram

- - - - • Led by United Irishmen and Theobald Wolfe Tone.
      - • Brutal suppression and atrocities by military and militias.
      - • Robert Emmet's failed 1803 rebellion ended with his execution.
- - - - • Nearly 2 million died; famine viewed by some as genocide.
      - • British failed to act decisively or humanely.
  - - - • Over 200,000 died inside them.
  - - - "coffin ships," and poverty upon arrival: Still sent millions in aid back home to bring families over.
- - - - 1912 Home Rule Act passed but delayed due to WWI.
      - Armed factions formed on both Unionist and Nationalist sides.
  - - - leaders executed; public sentiment gradually shifted toward independence.
      - armed insurrection in Dublin led by Irish Volunteers and Citizen army
  - - - "Black and Tans" known for brutality
      - Sinn Féin gained political power; first il established in 1921.
- - - - Bardic poetry, myths, warrior cycles
      - Oral storytelling
    - - stands as a cultural response to colonial domination- political through artistic means
  - - - after his fall- Irish nationalism split
  - - - irish dialect conveyed a cultural resistance to colonial norms
  - - - Portrait of the Artist as a Young man+Ulysses English portrayed as foreign and native
- - - - The 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland are:
        Leinster: Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow
        Munster: Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, Clare and Waterford
        Connacht: Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo
        Ulster: Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal
        
        Ireland’s Head of State is the President of Ireland (currently Michael D. Higgins)
        
        The Republic of Ireland has two official languages – Irish and English.
        
        With an urban population of 1,173,179, Dublin is Ireland’s capital and the largest of several cities in Ireland.
  - - - Northern Ireland’s head of state is Charles III.
        
        Up until 2022, English was the only official language in Northern Ireland.
        
        Northern Ireland’s largest city is Belfast and it’s the second-largest city on the island of Ireland, with a population of 483,418.
- - - - •Henry VII sought submission of Gaelic chieftains, promising land retention.
        • Suppression of Gaelic culture and resistance to Anglican authority.
        • Elizabeth I intensified the conquest, ending with the Flight of the Earls in 1607.
        
        The Plantation Period
        
        • British "Plantations" established in Ulster and Munster to displace Irish landowners.
        • Six counties were heavily colonized by English and Scottish settlers.
        • Irish law, language, and culture were suppressed; lands confiscated
        
        Scots-Irish Migration to America
        
        200,000 Ulster Scots emigrated to American Colonies (1710-1775). Settled heavily in Pennsylvania and Appalachian regions. United by Calvinist beliefs and
        opposition to Anglicanism
        
        Role in American Revolution:
        Scots-Irish strongly supported American independence.
        North Carolina declared independence early due to large Scots-Irish population.
        
        1 more item...
- - - - The End of ICW -- 1923 with anti-Treaty defeat
        
        1937 -- A new constitution created "Ireland"
        
        1949 -- Ireland declared a Republic and left the British Commonwealth
        
        1960s-1998 -- a period of sectarian conflict in Northen Ireland
        
        ended with the Good Friday Agreement (1998)
  - - - 1711 -- Fire at Custom Office (The IRA set fire to disrupt British control)
      - 1758 -- Fire at Birmingham Tower, Dublin Castle