Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Water Resources Management Module - Coggle Diagram
Water Resources Management Module
Unit I. Introduction
Water resource management issues
Scarcity and overexploitation of water sources.
Lack of coordination among user sectors.
Climate change impacts on availability.
New paradigms in water management
Integrated and participatory approach.
Management based on watershed units.
Environmental, social, and economic water valuation.
Water resources and systems analysis
Systemic view of water supply and demand.
Interaction between natural and social variables.
Use of models to optimize decisions.
Social perception of water
Influences water use and conservation.
Varies by cultural and economic context.
Can limit or enhance public policies.
Public participation processes
Increase legitimacy of decisions.
Promote shared responsibility in management.
Enable access to local knowledge.
Unit II. Water Resources
Conventional and non-conventional resources
Conventional: rivers, lakes, aquifers.
Non-conventional: desalination, treated wastewater.
Growing importance of alternative sources.
Knowledge of water resources
Basis for effective management.
Requires hydrological and geological data.
Supports long-term planning.
Evaluation methods
Direct and indirect flow measurements.
Use of hydrological models.
Water balance analysis.
Restoration of flow data to natural regime
Corrects distortions from human actions.
Helps understand natural river behavior.
Key for estimating real availability.
Groundwater evaluation and sustainable exploitation
Includes balance between recharge and extraction.
Prevents overuse and subsidence.
Promotes planned and fair use.
Unit III. Water Resource Management Techniques
Introduction to systems analysis
Tool for solving complex problems.
Integrates physical, social, and economic variables.
Supports informed and strategic decisions.
Decision support systems
Combine data, models, and decision criteria.
Enable scenario evaluation.
Help resolve user conflicts.
Applications
Water use planning.
Drought and flood management.
Optimization of distribution networks.
Unit IV. Droughts
Definition and types of droughts
Meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, socio-economic.
Differ by impact and duration.
Require specific responses.
Statistical properties of droughts
Frequency, duration, and intensity.
Analyzed through time series.
Basis for risk assessment.
Quantitative drought analysis
Use of hydro-meteorological indicators.
Impact evaluation across sectors.
Identification of critical thresholds.
Indicators
SPI, NDVI, PDSI, among others.
Enable monitoring and early warning.
Guide decision-making.
Unit V. Aquifers and Conjunctive Use
Characteristics of groundwater
Stored in porous formations.
Slow, hard-to-detect movement.
Less vulnerable to surface pollution.
Advantages and potential of conjunctive use
Complementarity with surface water.
Increases water security.
Improves drought resilience.
Types of conjunctive use
Alternating, simultaneous, and backup use.
Depend on availability and demand.
Require technical planning.
Natural, artificial, and induced recharge
Natural: direct infiltration.
Artificial: through hydraulic works.
Induced: controlled extraction.
Quality, aquifer management, and conjunctive use
Quality determines final use.
Management needs extraction control.
Conjunctive use must prevent salinization and pollution.
Unit VI. Water and Environment
Functionality of aquatic ecosystems
Regulate the hydrological cycle.
Habitat for species.
Natural water quality control.
Ecosystem services
Provision of clean water.
Regulation of floods and droughts.
Recreation and cultural value.
Sustainable exploitation
Use that doesn’t compromise future availability.
Balance between extraction and recharge.
Respect for ecological limits.
Water resources
Basis for human development.
Management affects ecosystems.
Requires integrated management.
Sectoral and territorial demands
Different sectors compete for water.
Balance needs participatory planning.
Social and ecological factors must be considered.