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HEALTH AND MEDICINE OVER TIME - Coggle Diagram
HEALTH AND MEDICINE OVER TIME
BEFORE 1750
PREHISTORIC
Prehistoric period serious illnesses were threated by 'medicine men'. The basic care was made by women.
They made basic surgery such as threphining.
Sprits and Gods still seen as cause of illnesses.
GREEKS
theory of the four humours
phlegm, blood bile and yellow bile
this theory continue for over one thousend years
Doctors used vomiting, purging, or bleeding to balance the humors. If that failed, patients went to Asclepius' temple.
greek doctors believed they could see the humours causing the ilness and thus understand why people got sick
greek doctors from the clasical period was hippocrates
Hipocrates oath stills sworn by new doctors today
Hippocrates said people should look for natural reasons for illness, not blame the gods.
ROMANS
Hipocrates ideas continue
the most famous Roman doctor was Galen
Galen was also interested in anatomy and carried out dissections to fine out more about the human body
Galen wrote 60 books
the Roman attended to keep their cities and people cleane by constructing sewers, aqueducts that brought in cleen water and public bath-houses
MIDDLE AGES
in Europe Christian Curcch's power had grow
In the1300s the Curch had set up universities where doctors coud be trained, and Galen's ideas were rediscovered
Black Death, or bubonic plage killed over 40 per cent of the population
The 'flagellants' tried to atone for their sins and the sins of others and to apease a vengeful God
THE RENEAISSANCE
They were a number of medical breakthrought
Andreas Vesalius
His mayor achievement was medicine in France and Italy
Belived in humans disections
His work led understunding of human anatomy
Ambroise Pare
His mayor achievement was in surgery
He spent 20 years with army treating battle wounds
Ambroise Paré stopped using boiling oil and used silk threads to tie arteries and stop bleeding.
Meany doctors began to folow his methots
Wiliam Harvey
He made breakthrought in understnding the circulation of blood in the human body
William Harvey showed that the heart pumps blood in a cycle through the body.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
By 1700s
Scientits started to use their own observations and experiments to gain knowledge.
Scientits were proving old ideas wrong.
The Catolic Church no longer dominated education.
Scientific revolution
Modern science evolved into what we understand it to be today.
On the 1600s scientits had been able to use new inventions for observation- the microscope.
20TH CENTURY
WWI
Blood loss
In 1901 the istery of why blood trsnsfusions only worked for some patients was solved as different blood groups
They discovered how to store blood by separating the liquid part of the blood, the plasma from the corpuscles.
They made it usable by adding a saline solution
French doctors developed the 'triage' siytem to treat mass casualties, whereby injured men where divide into categories.
INFECTIONS
Doctors found that cutting away infected tissue and soaking the wound in saline had the best result
SURGERY
Surgeons used skin grafts; Indeed, their work was the foundation for plastic surgery
PENICILLIN
Penicillin was developed in the interwar period
The mould was discovered in the 19th century and used by Lister to treat an infection
Lister did not document his work, and it was not ultil 1928 the penicillin was rediscovered
Alexandra Fleming
He was the one tht rediscovered penincillin by accident in a dish.
He did not have finance support to develop his ideas
1939
Howard Florey asked the british govearment to develop penicillin
1941
British goaverment tested the penincillin with good results on mise and they will produce penincillin to test on humans
The production was very slowly and costely
1943
Penincillin was being mass producted
THE IMPACT OF I.R
As towns grew, problems grew too
There was poor housing overcrowding, dirty water and poor sanitation.
There were key positive factors for medical progress in the 19th century.
Charles Darwin's ideas were accepted.
Thecnology also made warfare.
WWII
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
The second world war led the better treatment of severe burns.
Archibald Maclndoe
Pionered new techniques
Vladmir Filatov
Pionered reconstructive plastic surgery with a new form of skin graft.
Russians also researched " biogenic agents" that would aid healing.
WWI
blood loss
different groups of blood were founded
triage system
blood could be separated from cells
Infections
cut away infected tissue and soak the wound in saline
Surgery
surgeons used skin grafts