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Health and medicine over time - Coggle Diagram
Health and medicine over time
before 1750
the ancient greeks
Hippocrates also left behind a collection of medical books and treasties,
Hippocrates wanted people to look for natural causes
illlnes was caused by having an imbalance of the four humours.
women had the role of healers and key caregivers
the romans
They borrowed so many ideas from the Greeks that they even built a temple to Asclepius
Galen who lived in the secondary century CE. He followed Hippocrates methods
The Renaissance
ideas had to be tasted
Andreas Vesalius, a Belgan who studied medicine in France and Italy.
knowledge and understanding for doctors to perform human dissections.
the ancient times
in the prehistoric period serious illnesses were treated by ´medicine man´
it was belived that illnesses had either supernatural causes
Spirits and gods were still seen as the cause of illnesses
Enlightenment
19th century
surgery
Chemists began to discover different chemicals that could have anaesthetic results on patients
surgery was still limited by there key obstacles: pain, infection and blood loss
Koller used cocaine as a local anaesthetic and cocaine was only useful for minor operations
blood loss
threads used were now sterilized before use
blood was directly pumped from a donor
infection
instruments and clothing were sterilized regularly and thoroughly
german surgeons began wearing face-masks
improvements in the cleanliness of hospitals.
Germ theory
Louis Pasteur observed that one type of micro-organism was multiplying fast and may have been the cause of the problem
Robert Koch studied the bacteria in inefected organs and developed a method of isolating and growing bacteria to observe
Patrick Manson, discovered in 1884 that mosquitos were
´carriers´ of a worm that caused elephantiasis
public health
pollution of rivers
to improve the quality
to make some vaccinations compulsory
Women in medicine
Elizabeth blackwell was the first woman to qualifiy as a doctor in the USA in 1849
Florence Nightigle and Mary Seacole during the Crimean war had an importan impact on nursing and the cleanliness of hospital
Women still held the traditional roles in medicine they had played throughout history.
Vaccination
Jenner called his new preventative treatment ´vaccination´
Vaccinations against smallpox quickly spread to the usa
By 1812 there were Arabic translation of Jenner´s work
20th century
ww I
blood loss
doctors separate the luquid part of the blood, the plasma, from the corspuscles
infections
soldiers wounds were often infected by fragments of their clothing
surgery
ww
penicillin
The mould from which it is made was first discovered in the nineteenth century and lister had used it to treat an infected wound.
surgical techniques
in britain, Archibald Mclndoe pioneered new techniques, and in Russia Vladimir filatov pioneered reconstructive plastic surgery with a new form of skin graft.
combating diseases
Soldiers were also immuzed against tetanus before being sent into battle and this proved to be very effective
public halth
As had happened after the first world war, goverments intervened to improve public health after the second world war
the middle ages
doctors could be trained, and Gelen's ideas were rediscovered
In the mid-1340s a catastrophic epidemic called the Black Death spread from Asia to Europe
The groups called the "Flagellants" tried to atone fot their sins and the sins of others and to appease a vengeful God.
doctors
harvey
a british doctor who had studied medicine at cambridge
paré
vesalvis