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health and medicine over time : - Coggle Diagram
health and medicine over time :
before 1750
prehistory
serious ilneses were trated by a medicine men
supernatural causes, natural causes or insect bite
ancient egipt
high priest and women were caregivers and hearles
spirts and gods were the cause of ilnesses
emphasis on hygene to prevent desesase
mid wifery and basic care was for women
the ancient greeks
Phlegm, Blood, Black bile, Yellow bile
The illness was cause by having an imbalance of the four Humours of the body
The Theory of the Greeks was followed for over thousand years
The doctor were trained to observe patients' Sympyoms and then diagnose
Following this theory doctor would try to help you by inducing vomiting or purging patients or bleeding them
Hipocrates
midical books and treatises
symptoms and treatments
The Middles Ages
Chistain Church's power had grown
The Black Death had killed over 40 percent of the population
Church had set up universities
flegants
tried to atone thease sins
they were whipping themselves and asking people to repent
they belived in the bad humors
wonmen could not be trained to be profesional doctors
they could take care of sick people and take care of child birth
the most common remedie was bleeding
also used astrology and herbal medicines
The causes of the didease were not understood
Some of the people believe tha looking into the eyes of a sick
Romans
Professional medicine
Herbal medicines and resorted to asking the god for help
The most famous Rome doctor was Galen
They believe in the theory of the four humors
The humors could be rebalance using 'opposite'
Renaissance
Andreas Vesalius
he believe that it was importanat for knowledge and understanding for doctors to prefom human dissections
idea had to be tested
Show that Galen Had been wrong about elements of human anatomy
william havery
discovered that blood was not constantly created as it does not get burnt up
Ambroise pare
started using badages and taying the end of arteries
patiernts survive
silk ligatures
not copied by other doctoirs
19th century
Women in Medicine
elisabeth blackwell
the first women to quality as a doctor
florence Nightingale
she led improvements in the cleanliness of hospital
mary seacole
impact on cleaninless and nursing
Grem Theory
louis pateur
interested in mico organism
developed 'grem theory'
said that ´spontaneos generation ´ ocurred because tiny living organism fall from the air and cause decay
Robert Kotch
allowed scientists to find the cause of other diseases
studied the bacteria infected organs and developed a method of insolating and growing bacteria to obrerve
Emil Von Behring
he injected anti toxins into humans to prevent diseases
patrik manson
discovered tha mosquitos were carriers of a worm that caused epahitis
Vaccinations
Edward Jenner
called his new prevetive treatment 'vaccination'
inoculated an 8 years old boy with smallpox
Infection
They did not clean their clothes or wash their hands
Ignaz Semmelweis
He concluded
The student did not wash there hands so it makes the death of babies
So Semmelweis said to stop it
Florence Nightingale
She came to prominence for asserting that cleanliness was critical to the recovery pf injured soldier
So this led to improvements in the cleanliness of hospital
Joseph Lister
He experimented with carbolic acid
alsohe found that if this was sprayed over a wound during surgery
It would heal better and gangrene would be prevented
Change in medical practice as hospital, instruments and clothing
Were sterilized regularly and thoroughly
Halsted wore gloves, German surgeons donned masks; infection control greatly improved.
Blood Loss
Pare's ligatures safe and more effective as the threads used were now strerilized before use
Blood could not be stored
Blood was usable and directly pumped from a donor the patient
Surgery
limited by 3 obstacles
infection
blood lose
pain
80 percent of death rate post operation
chemist began to discover different chemicals that could have anaesthetic results on patients
chloroform-by Briton James
cocaine- Carl Koller
only useful for minor operations
Public Health
John Snow
providen the link between the spread of cholea and pollution water supplies
Industrialization, urbanization, and new ideas boosted government public health efforts (e.g., Britain's sewers).
Industrialization, urbanization, and new ideas led governments, like Britain (with city sewers), to boost public health.
18 century
enlightement
1700
focous on scientific explanations
proved old ideas were wrong
scientist became more sophisticated with the use of microscopie
20th century
ww1
blood loss
doctors discovered that blood could be stored without colitting
infections
discovered that cutting away the infected part and soaking the wound in saline was effective
surgery
at the begging of the war the 80 percent of soldiers with a broke femur died
in 1916 the 80 percent survived
WW2
Penicillin
It was developed
It was descovered in the nineteenth century
the penicillin was rediscovered and experimented
By alexander Fleming in London
Howard Florey
Ask the British goverment for funding to develop penicillin
Us companies received $80 million of govermnet money to start the mass production
Surgical techniques
Archibald Mclndoe pioneered new tecniques
Russia Vladmi Filatov pioneered reconstrutive plastic surgery
Russia researched Biogenic agent
Combating diseases
Sophisticated, enabled rapid storage and transport of blood.
Effective use of Mepacrine and Atebrin
Soldier immunization
Improvements to public health
Advocated for a welfare state providing free healthcare, education, and employment.
Established the National Health Service.
Mass construction of new homes.