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Health and medicine over time - Coggle Diagram
Health and medicine over time
Before 1750
Prehistory
Serious illnesses were treated by medicine men
Women took care of midwafery and basic sicks
Illnesses causes
Natural causes
Insect bite
Supernatural causes
The ancient greeks
New ideas about causes of sicknes
believed humans had four humours
Phlegm
Blood
Caused by having an imbalance
Doctors restore the balance
Inducing vomiting
Purgingin
Bleeding
Black bile
Yellow bile
The romans
Medical treatment was expensive
Ordinary people used family herbal medicine or ask gods for help
Most famous doctor was Galen
Belived in the four humours
New idea
Humours could be rebalanced using 'opposites'
Middle ages
church´s power had grown
rediscovered Galen´s ideas
set up universities
There was an EPIDEMIC
Black death
Causes were not understood
Movement of stars and planets
God´s wrath
flagellants
Moved village from village whipping themselves
Asked people to repent
beieved in homours
used astrology and herbal medicine
Women cuoldn´t be doctors
midwives
took care of childbirth
care providers for the sick
The renaissance
Ambroise Paré
Stopped cauterizing wounds
Stopped using the boiling oil
William Harvey
Circulation of blood
Andreas Vesalius
Proved that Galen was wrong
Doctors should learn by dissecting and testing.
18th century
women began to work in medicine
Observations and experiments
Dctors performed human dissections
scientific tests on humans
19th century
Vaccination
Jenner used cowpox on boy
Boy didn’t get smallpox
Called it vaccination
Women in medicine
Elizabeth Blackwell
1st women to become doctor
Florence Nightingale
Had an important impact
On nursing
On the cleanliness of hospitals
Mary Seacole
Germ theory
Robert Koch
Developed a method of isolating and growing bacteria to observe
Louis Pasteur
Developed 'germ theory'
Emil von Behring
Injected anti-toxins into humans
Patrick Manson
Found mosquitoes carry worm causing elephantiasis.
Surgery
infections
blood loss
pain
Chemistry began to look for anaestethic
chloroform
cocaine
ether
infection
Clean tools and clothes
clean wonds heal better
Used steam, acid, gloves, masks
blood loss
Pare´s ligaturres were safer and more effective
Since threads were now sterilized before use
Public health
Sewers were built
remove sewage
improve water supplies
Legislation was passed
Clean rivers
Better food
Vaccines
20th century
WWI
Blood loss
Blood could be stored without clotting
Infections
soaking the woundnin saline
Curling away infecten tissue
Had the best results
Surgery
80% of soldiers with broken femur
At the beginning of the war: died
By 1916: survived
WWII
Penicillin
it helped to cure infections
it was descobered by Lister
rediscovered by Alexander Fleming
Surgical techniques
New form of skin graft for plastic surgery
Combating diseases
Scientists investigate mosquito bites for the 1st time
Public health
free health care, education, hausing and employment
hundreds of thousands of houser were built