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Digestive and Urinary System By: Daisy Hernandez Per. 5 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary System By: Daisy Hernandez Per. 5
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Take in food
Breakdown into nutrient molecules
Absorb molecules in to blood stream
rid body of indigestible remains
MAJOR ORGANS IN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mouth
PHARYNX
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
Teeth
Tongue
Gallbladder
Salivary gland
Liver
Pancreas
MAJOR FUNC OF URINARY SYSTEM
Eliminate waste products
regulate blood volume and pressure
control electrolyte levels
Activate vit. D
ensure long term acid base balance
MAJOR ORGANS OF URINARY SYSTEM
Kidney
Blood and nerve supply
Ureters
URINARY bladder
Urethra
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
Ingestion: Eating
2.Propulsion: moving food thru canal, swallowing, pertistalsis-wave like
Mechanical Breakdown: chewing, stomach churning, segmentation: mixing food and juices
Digestion: enzyme breakdown of complex molecules
Absorption: nutrients into blood/lymph from GI lumen
Defecation: Waste elimination via anus (feces)
LAYERS OF GI TRACT
Mucosa
-lines lumen, secretes mucus, absorbs and products of digestion
Sub,mucosa
-Areolar CT: vessels, nerves, and elastic fibers
Muscularis Externa
Segmentation & peristalsis
Circular & longitudinal layers forms sphincters
Serosa
Outer layer, visceral peritoneum
NEPHRONS ANATOMY & PHY
RENAL CORPUSCLE
Glomerulus
Fenestrated capillaries: highly porcus for filtrate formation
Glomerular (Bowman's Capsule)
Cup-shaped surround ligament
Parietal layer: sim. squa. epith.
Podocytes w/ foot process to filtration
RENAL TUBULE
Promxial Convoluted Tubule (PCT): cub cells, dense microvilli many mitochondria
Nephron loop: descending limb (thin, squamous) and ascending limb (thick, cub./col)
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Cub. cells, few microvilli, mainly secretion in CORTEX
DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE
CHOLECYSTITIS
An inflammation of the gallbladder, primarily blockage of the gall duct, digestive tumours,
Symptoms: Tender abdomen, sweating, nausea
Treatment Options: Medication and fasting, antibiotics, cholecystectomy
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
Chronic disease that occurs when the esophogeal sphincler relaxes, allowing the gontents of the stomach
CAUSES: frequent acid reflux, weakened esophageal sphincter, Obesity
SYMPTOMS: CHest pain , heartburn, dyshagia
TREATMENT OPTIONS: Medication, antibiotics, fluid replacement
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
A chronic complex intestinal condition
Causes: unknown, possibly genetics, environmental or immune
SYMPTOMS: Abdominal pain, cramping, fever, diarrhea
TREATMENT: medication, antibiotics, fluid replacement
PEPTIC ULCERS
SOres that develop in the lining of the stomach
CAUSES: Imbalances in gastric juices, bacterial infection, stress
SYMPTOMS: heartburn, severe chest pain, nausea
Treatment: Lifestyle changes, medication, endoscopic surgery
COLORECTAL CANCER:
Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon
CAUSES: heredity, diet.
SYMPTOMS: change in gowl, bloating, fatigue
TREATMENT: surgery, readiation therapy, chemotherapy
DISORDERS OF URINARY
BLADDER CANCER
Body cells grow out of control lump of tumour and spread fast
CAUSES: smoking, chemicals, cancer drugs, genetics
SYMPTOMS: pain when pass urine, pain in lower abdomen, back pain
TREATMENT: well balanced diet, limit yourself around chemicals
URINARY TRACT INFECTION:
The adnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract combined w/ symptoms
CAUSES: sexually active women, pregnan women, menopausal women
SYMPTOMS: burning urination, pain, pressure on lower pelvic area
TREATMENT: pills, phenoazopyridina, vaginal low dose estrogen
KIDNEY STONES
Urines containes many dissolved minerals and salts, hardstones form
CAUSES: not drinking enough water each day, warm habitats, diets
SYMPTOMS: cramp pain, intense need to urinate, a burning feeling while urinating
TREATMENT: Ureteruscopy, deercutaneous nephrolihotomy, shock wave lithotripsy.