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Filters body's plasma
Secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
Absorbs end products of digestion
Protects against infectious disease
**In stomach** secretes two-layer coat of alkaline mucus
Propulsion of feces to anus and defecation
Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides
Pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin) and enzymes from the intestinal lining complete the breakdown with amino acids
- Parietal layer: simple squamous epithelium
Cuboidal cells with dense microvilli that form brush border, increase surface area, and also have large mitochondria
Descending limb: Proximal part of descending limb is continuous with proximal tubule
Ascending limb: Thick ascending limb
- Sparse with short microvilli - Maintain water and Na+ balance