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Natural Law - Coggle Diagram
Natural Law
Thomas Aquinas
Four Forms of Law
- eternal law
God made and controls the universe
only God knows completely
- divine laws
can be determined through the Bible and Jesus
e.g., the 10 commandments
- natural laws
part of God's law which can be understood through reason
- human laws
the laws of our nation
e.g., do not steal, do not kill, pay taxes
--> clash between human law + eternal law?
Aristotle on Telos
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Aristotle saw the 'telos' of human life as eudaimonia (flourishing)
--> happiness was living well and being fulfilled, since there must be rational
EVALUATION
'Is the universe as a whole designed with a telos? Does human nature orientate towards good?'
YES
It appears logical
--> cause, effect and purpose
--> concept of cause + effect
Humans agree we have a purpose
--> the work of Aristotle's four causes
Our purpose is eudaimonia
--> human nature tends to agree that happiness (eudaimonia) is the desired end for humans
Natural Law
--> there is some form of natural law we all naturally follow
NO
Evolution and natural selection
--> morality and human life has no other purpose of survival
e.g., we cat morally as we live in groups as we survive the best with others
David Hume
--> the universe is a brute fact
Coincidence
--> cause is something that humans apply to certain events when in fact it could be a coincidence
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Aristotle's Four Causes
- The Material Cause
- The Formal Cause
- Efficient Cause
- Final Cause
--> all necessary elements if we are to explain the existence + nature of the thing