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MALARIA - Transfusion Transmitted Diesease, IMG_0063 image - Coggle…
MALARIA - Transfusion Transmitted Diesease
A potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes
Plasmodium vivax
Benign tertian malaria-Relapse
Plasmodium ovale
Ovale tertian malaria—Relapse
Plasmodium knowlesi
Simian malaria
It is an Emerging Infection
Plasmodium malariae
Benign quarter malaria—Recrudescence
Plasmodium falciparum
Malignant tertian malaria—Recrudescence
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
In TTM, the most common Plasmodium species observed were P. falciparum, followed by P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. ovale
Infective forms may be RBC forms but not sporozoites M/C - GAMETOCYTES,TROPHOZOITES
No liver stage and no relapse
IP is short
Causes of TTM:
Asymptomatic carriers
Lack of screening
Storage and viability
Immunocompromised recipients
Failure in donor history taking
STRATEGIES TO PREVENT TTM
Check donor eligibility
Processing, handling and storage
screening for malarial parasite
Maintaining blood bag in a suitable temperature
Sharing needles or syringes contaminated with malaria-infected blood
Congenital
LIFE CYCLE
Erythrocytes schizogony
Gametogony
Pre erythrocytic schizogony
CLINICAL FEATURES
Falciparum malaria
Sequestration of parasites by
PfEMP 1 protein
Complications
Falciparum malaria
Black water fever
Algid malaria
Pernicious malaria
Pulmonary edema & hypoglycaemia
Cerebral malaria
DIC
Chronic Complications
Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome
Quartan Malarial nephropathy
Promote Burkitt Lymphoma
Benign malaria
Anemia
Splenomegaly
Febrile paroxysm
LAB DIAGNOSIS
Microscopic tests
Peripheral smear
Thick smear
MORE SENSITIVE
Thin smear
SPECIATION CAN BE DONE
QBC
Non microscopic tests
Ag detection test—RDT/ICT detect pan malarial antigen LDH, ALDOLASE
Culture—RPMI 1640 medium
PCR —18s rDNA
TREATMENT
Vivax malaria
Chloroquine
Primaquine
Falciparum malaria
Artemether—lumefantrine
ARTEMISININ BASED COMBINE THERAPY
PROPHYLAXIS
Vector control strategies
Anti adult measures,Anti larval measures,Source reduction
Individual protection
Chemoprophylaxis
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Vaccination
RTS,S/AS01
IMMUNITY AGANST MALARIA
P.falciparum
attacks any stages of RBC
p.vivax
attack young RBC and reticulocytes
Refractory conditions
Duffy NEGATIVE blood group RBC'S
APRIL 25 i.e) TODAY
WORLD MALARIA DAY
THEME - "MALARIA ENDS WITH US"
RE INVEST
RE IMAGINE
RE IGNITE
