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UNIT 3: Effective Presentations - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 3: Effective Presentations
1. Public Speaking and Oral Communication Strategies.
"Public speaking" is considered one of the top 10 phobias in the world.
To superate this phobia and become a better public speaker, there are some useful strategies:
4. Use body language:
Maintain a relaxed, standing posture. Use gestures and facial expressions, and avoid negative positions like crossed arms or hands in pockets.
5: Think positively:
Stay optimistic to boost your confidence. A negative attitude can make the presentation seem dull and unconvincing.
3. Engage your audience:
Use clear language, avoid reading from notes, keep the presentation dynamic, and ask questions to encourage participation.
6. Calm Nerves:
Manage stress effectively to avoid getting blocked and losing your audience's attention.
2. Practice:
Rehearse multiple times, preferably in front of others. Record yourself to identify areas for improvement.
7: Watch yourself:
Record and review your presentations to assess content, structure, and body language, and make necessary improvements.
1. Planing:
Structure your speech in advance, include attention-getters, and develop your own presentation style.
2. Types of Speech
There 4 main types of speeches are:
2. Demonstrative:
Shows how something works or is done, often using visual aids and step-by-step explanations.
3. Persuasive
Tries to change the audience’s opinions or behavior using logic, facts, or emotional appeal.
1. Informative
:
Aims to educate the audience by simplifying complex ideas using facts, studies, and statistics.
4. Entertaining
Seeks to amuse or engage the audience while still delivering a message, often using humor or drama.
However, , there exist other types of speeches with more specific functions.
3. Debate
In this speech, the speaker supports their own viewpoint rather than trying to persuade the audience. It is often improvised, as responses depend on unpredictable arguments from others.
4. Forensic
A competitive speech usually done by high school or college students. It involves researching a topic in advance and presenting it to inform or educate an audience, similar to ancient Greek traditions
2. Oratorical
A longer, more formal speech typically given during significant events like graduations or funerals to honor or commemorate.
5. Special Ocassion
A short, simple speech intended for events like birthdays, weddings, or introductions. Its main purpose is to entertain or celebrate.
1. Impromptu
A speech delivered without preparation. It happens on the spot and is entirely spontaneous.
3. Differences between verbal and non verbal communication.
2. Non Verbal Communication
Channels
Expression, gestures, and body language, covering from facial expressions and movements of the arms to postures.
Addressee
Must be paying visual attention.
Language
Based on body language and paralinguistic features.
Advantages
Conveys emotions and feelings.
Complements verbal communication as it helps to better connect with adressees and display other characteristics and qualities of the speaker.
Definition
Everything we can transmit through gestures and body language.
1. Verbal Communication
Addressee
Can be present or not.
Channels
Spoken or written.
Language
Uses words and linguistic
signs.
Definition
Everything we express in
words.
Advantages
Fast and the message always
tends to be clear.
Offers the chance for
correction.
Conscious and reasoned.
Improves attention.
4. Paralinguistic Communication and body language.
What is body language?
Your body also speaks through:
Gestures, postures, facial expressions, and eye contact.
But remember: Not all gestures mean the same thing in every culture.
Other Nonverbal Communication Aspects
Haptics:
The use of touch (like hugs, pats on the shoulder).
Kinesics
: Movements of the body.
Proxemics:
The space between people when they communicate.
Oculesics
: Eye contact (its duration, direction, and intensity).
What is paralinguistics?
It is what accompanies our voice.
There are aspects that add meaning or emotion to our speech such as:
Inflection:
Emphasizing certain words to clarify your meaning.
Speed:
Speaking too fast may seem nervous; speaking too slowly might seem insecure.
Intonation:
How your voice rises and falls while speaking.
Volume
: Speaking loudly can sound aggressive, while a soft tone might show respect.
Pitch:
Whether your voice sounds high or low.
Sounds:
Sighs, laughs, pauses—these also convey messages.
5. Useful Tips and techniques for academic oral presentations.
6. Stay Within the Time Limit
Respect the allocated time (e.g., 15 minutes).
Avoid unnecessary details that may extend your time.
7. Deliver in Logical Order
Present information in a clear, structured, and logical sequence.
Prevent confusion and keep the audience engaged.
5. Know Your Audience
Adjust content and language to the audience’s background.
Anticipate and prepare for possible questions.
8. Stick to the Point
Focus on main ideas and avoid going off-topic.
Don’t overwhelm the audience with too many details.
4. Create a Script
Draft your speech with a natural flow.
Include transitions and use spoken-like language.
Adapt it to the audience and context.
9. Practice and Time Yourself
Rehearse and keep track of time.
Record yourself to check timing and delivery.
3. Write a Plan
Structure the presentation into clear sections.
Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information.
10. Use Clear and Relevant Visuals
Support key points with visuals like images, graphs, or charts.
Keep slides clean, simple, and visually appealing.
2. Set Clear Goals
Define specific and focused objectives.
Avoid vague or overly ambitious aims.
11. Acknowledge Your Sources
Cite references during the presentation.
Shows depth of research and increases credibility.
1. Research Your Topic
Gather thorough knowledge of the subject.
Identify areas that need further exploration
12. Start with a Strong Introduction
Grab attention from the start.
Use anecdotes, quotes, humor, or questions to engage the audience.